《高中生物必修二色染体变异》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中生物必修二色染体变异（36页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、基因突变生 物 的 变 异不可遗传的变异可遗传的变异 基因重组染色体变异生物体内遗传 物质没有改变生殖细胞内遗 传物质的改变Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.第二节第二节 染
2、色体变异染色体变异 染色体数目的变异染色体结构的变异显微镜下可以观察在自然条件和人为条件改变的情况下，染色_ 的改变和染色体_的增减导致生物_的 变异。数目性状结构Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Asp
3、ose Pty Ltd.缺失:重复倒位易位大多数染色体结构变异对生物有害，有的甚至 导致生物体死亡。一、染色体结构的变异Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.缺失如果失去的基因是
4、显性的，同源染色 体上保留下来的是隐性的，这一本来不能 显出的隐性性状就能显出来。指一条染色体断裂而失去一个片段， 这个片段上的基因也随之丢失。在人类遗 传中,5号染色体部分缺失导致猫叫综合征.缺失Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyri
5、ght 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.症状：两眼 距离较远， 耳位低下， 生长发育缓 慢，存在着严 重的智力障 碍。患儿哭 声轻，音调 高，很像猫 叫。如：猫叫综合征(5号染色体部分缺失)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.C
6、opyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.增加一段染色体 染色体中增加某一片段而引起的染色 体结构变异。 例如:果蝇的棒状眼。重复 重复 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Asp
7、ose Pty Ltd.果蝇的卵圆眼和棒状眼-重复野生型：卵圆眼变异型：棒状眼Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.倒位染色体某一片段在两个点发生断裂后，断裂 下来的片段倒转18
8、0又重新连接引起变异的现 象。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一条染色体的某一片段发生断裂，断裂片 段接到非同源染色体上的现象。易位断片接到非同源染色体上 易位Evalua
9、tion only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.易位Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 C
10、lient Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.请讨论：Q1：染色体结构变异对生物都是有害的吗？大多有害、少数有利Q2：染色体变异与基因突变相比，哪一种变异对 引起的性状变化较大一些？为什么？每条染色体上含有许多基因，染色体变异 会引起多个基因的变化，所以引起的性状 变化较大一些Evaluation only.Evaluation o
11、nly. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、个别染色体增加或减少2、以染色体组的形式成倍的增加或减少二、染色体数目的变异Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slide
12、s for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.21三体综合征（先天性愚 型）1、个别染色体增加或减少Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Creat
13、ed with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、以染色体组的形式成倍地增加或减少果蝇有4对8条染色体，这4对染色体可以分为两组。 X、为一组非同源染色体Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.S
14、lides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.果蝇产生的配子中有哪几条染色体？这些染色体在形态、结构和功能上有什 么特点？这些染色体之间是什么关系？它们是否携带着控制生物生长发育的全 部遗传信息？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Asp
15、ose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 As
16、pose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.细胞中的一组_染色体，它们在_ 和_上各不相同，但是携带着控制生物生 长发育的_，这样的一组染色体，叫 做一个染色体组。染色体组的概念非同源形态 功能 全部信息Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.请判断下列细胞中各有多少个染色体组？2个3个4个1个2个4个Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Asp
