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1、 江西师范大学 地理与环境学院普通高中课程标准实验教科书 地理 必修 第1册Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only.
2、 Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.主要内容 昼夜交替与时差-昼夜现象-晨昏线-时区与区时-地方时-国际日期变更线 沿偏移表水平运动物体的偏移Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Asp
3、ose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、昼夜交替与时差Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with A
4、spose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（一）昼夜现象1、昼夜的成因：地球是一个不透明、不发光球体太阳照射2、昼夜更替的周期：一个太阳日 (24小时)3、昼夜更替的意义：人类起居作息的基本时间单位昼夜界线 是什么？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0
5、.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（二）、昼夜的界线：晨昏线1基本特征：(1)晨昏线是由弧度均为180的晨线和昏线两段圆弧组成的大圆。(2)晨昏线所在平面总是平分地球，始终与太阳光线垂直。(3)晨昏线总是平分赤道这条纬线。（4）晨昏线与赤道的交点有两个，与晨线的交点所在经线地方时为6时，与昏线的交点所在经地方时为18时。Evaluation only.Eva
6、luation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.太 阳 平 行 光 线昼 半 球夜 半 球昏线晨 线Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for
7、 .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.夜半球昼半球图中的红线是晨线还是昏线？昼半球Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with As
8、pose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2光照图图上晨线线和昏线线判断的常用方法：(1)根据地球自转的方向判断：如图，自转方向为逆 时针，则B点为北极 点，顺着自转方向， 由昼半球进入夜半球 ，所以是昏线，而则 由夜半球进入昼半球 ，所以是晨线。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clien
9、t Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)根据时间时间 判断：晨昏线线与赤道的交点有两个，两个交点的地方时时是确定的，交点所在经线经线 地方时为时为 6时时的为为晨线线，交点所在经线经线 地方时为时为 18时时的为为昏线线。(3)根据昼、夜半球判断昼半球的东东界为为昏线线，西界为为晨线线夜半球的东东界为为晨线线，西界为为昏线线Ev
10、aluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 国际上规定将全球划分为24个时区， 每个 时区 占15个经度，以该时区中央经线 的地方时为整个时区的统一时间，叫作区 时 ，又称标准时。相邻两
11、个时区的区时相 差1小时。注：中央经线为一个时区处于中间位置的经线。（三） 时区与区时Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.经度15度划分为一个时区，全球共分为24个时区Eval
12、uation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.各时区都以本区中央经线的地方时作为全区共同 使用的时刻Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with A
13、spose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.07.5E7.5W零 时 区22.5E15E东一 区22.5W15w西一 区180东十二 区180西十二 区西十二 区1、时区的划分Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspos
14、e.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.请问116 E、95W分别在哪个时区？2、时区和区时的计算Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
15、0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.区时时的判断与计计算第一步：如果已知该该地经经度，求时时区数；该该地所在时时区数该该地经经度15(余数处处理；若小于7.5则则直接舍去；若大于7.5，则则在结结果加上一个时时区)。方向不变变。第二步：求时时差，即求时间间时间间 隔，每相隔一个时时区，时间时间 相差一小时时。第三步：求区时时所求区时时已知区时时时时区差1小时
16、时注：“、”号的选选取同地方时时的运算。若求出时间时间大于24小时时，则则减24小时时，日期加一天；若所求时间为负值时间为负值 ，则则加上24小时时，日期减一天。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.我国外交部某官员从北京到美国纽约 参加一个国际会议，会议在当地时间 月日上午点开始，飞机飞行 约为小时，而这位官员乘坐北京 当地时间月日上午点飞往纽 约的飞机,他是否能及时赶到会场?Evaluation onl
