《高一化学苏教必修一专题归纳整合四》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高一化学苏教必修一专题归纳整合四（17页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、请请分别别用一句话话表达下列关键词键词 ：钝钝化 光化学烟雾雾 雷雨发发庄稼提示 钝化：常温下，铁(或铝)在浓硫酸(或浓硝酸)中发生反应，使金属表面生成一种致密的氧化物保护膜。光化学烟雾：二氧化氮能使氧气经过复杂的反应生成臭氧，臭氧与空气中一些碳氢化合物发生作用后，产生了一种有毒的烟雾，人们称它为光化学烟雾。专专 题题 综综 合 检检 测测Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .N
2、ET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copy
3、right 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1工业业制备备硫酸所用的设备设备 名称是什么？提示 沸腾炉、接触室、吸收塔2二氧化硫的漂白机理与次氯氯酸的漂白机理有何不同？提示 二氧化硫的漂白机理是与有色物质反应，生成不稳定的无色物质，加热时，无色物质又会分解，恢复到原来的颜色。次氯酸的漂白机理是利用其强氧化性将有色物质氧化。3如何检验检验 氨气？提示 用红色湿润的石蕊试纸检验，氨气能使其红色变成蓝色。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.
4、2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.
5、Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5稀硫酸和浓浓硫酸的性质质有何异同？提示 相同点是二者都具备酸的通性；不同的地方是浓硫酸具有强氧化性、吸水性、脱水性等特性，而稀硫酸不具备。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.
6、Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
7、1按下列线线索归纳归纳 硫及其化合物的性质质和转转化条件。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created
8、 with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2按下列线线索归纳归纳 含氮化合物的性质质和转转化条件。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pr
9、ofile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5
10、.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.硫、氮的化合物中，重点要掌握的内容是浓浓硫酸的性质质、硝酸的性质质、二氧化硫的性质质、二氧化氮的性质质、氨及铵盐铵盐 的性质质等。而性质质的考查查通常通过过背景材料、实验实验、推断等形式来表现现，具体考查查角度及方式如下：学科思想培养四 硫、氮及其化合物的命题角度及解题指导Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profi
11、le 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
12、0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.方向一 硫、氮及其化合物的推断题的解法【知识基础】硫(氮)元素及其化合物之间的转化关系。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 A
13、spose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.元素及其化合物的推断是将分散的知识识点连连
14、成线线、织织成网，可有效地考查查同学们们的抽象、求异、发发散和收敛敛等思维维能力。1根据题给题给 信息，锁锁定推断范围围。解题时题时 ，借助试题试题中的信息尤其是某些特征信息(如特殊的化学反应应、特殊的实验现实验现 象以及特殊的反应应条件等)来确定推断范围围。2在所确定的推断范围围内提出合理的猜想(大胆假设设)，进进一步缩缩小推断范围围。这这一步需要从自己所学的知识识中去寻寻找相关内容，提出合乎题题意的推测测。3利用整体思维维、链链式推理、正反推理等方法，细细心探索，推测结测结 果，通过验证过验证 得到答案。【解题指导】Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Crea
15、ted with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created wit
16、h Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.下列AI九种物质质之间间的转转化关系如图图所示；其中部分生成物或反应应条件已略去。已知A为为固态单质态单质 ，常温下C、E、F都是无色气体。【例1】Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slide
