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1、Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Information for patientsWhat is Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting The coronary arteries carry blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. In people with coronary artery disease a fatty substance builds up in the walls of the arterie
2、s, making the space inside narrower. This makes it harder for the blood to pass through. If the arteries become narrowed then the amount of oxygen delivered to the heart muscle may be reduced. This can cause chest pain, or other symptoms called angina, or lead to a heart attack. The purpose of Coron
3、ary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is to improve the flow of blood to the heart muscle. The surgeon uses sections of healthy vein or artery from the patients own arm, leg or chest wall to go beyond (bypass) the narrowed segments of coronary artery and restore normal blood flow to the heart. Benefits
4、of Coronary Artery Bypass surgery The benefits of CABG surgery vary from person to person. Your surgeon will discuss the expected benefits with you. CABG can: Reduce your angina Reduce the amount of medication you ar e taking Generally make you feel better Incr ease your chance of living longer Bypa
5、ss surgery cannot cure your coronary artery disease. It is possible to get new blockages. You can reduce this risk by stopping smoking, taking the tablets your doctor prescribes, adopting a healthy diet and exercising regularly. page 2What the operation involves There are two stages to bypass surger
6、y: Stage 1 is where a healthy blood vessel (the graft) is removed from your leg, arm or chest wall. Stage 2 your surgeon connects the healthy vessel to your coronary artery, bypassing the diseased segment, and improving the blood supply to the heart. To operate on your heart, the surgeon will use on
7、e of two techniques. i) A heart-lung machine is used to circulate blood around the body, allowing the surgeon to operate on the heart. or ii) The beating heart technique, where the surgery is performed while the heart is still beating and working. This is called off pump surgery. The operation usual
8、ly takes between three and six hours. Recovery after the operation After the operation you will be taken to the Cardio Thoracic Critical Care Unit (CTCC) where we will give you intensive cardiothoracic and nursing care. You will normally be transferred to the Cardiothoracic Ward after 1-2 days. Most
9、 people stay in hospital for about 6-8 days in total. Full details of what happens during the recovery period, aftercare and rehabilitation are given in our booklet “Oxford Cardiac Surgery”. page 3Risks of Cor onary Artery Bypass Grafting Assessing your individual risk of death and of complications
10、CABG surgery, like any other surgery, carries a risk of complications. The risk of complications varies from person to person and will depend on several factors including: Y our age and sex Whether you ar e having additional surgery at the same time as your CABG Whether you have diabetes, lung pr ob
11、lems, kidney damage or any significant problems with the circulation to your brain or legs The urgency of the operation Y our weight Whether you ar e a smoker . Your surgeon will take the above factors into account when assessing your individual risk. Complications Possible complications are: Death
12、Str oke which may be temporary or permanent Bleeding you may need to be taken back to theatr e to tr eat excessive bleeding. An irr egular heart beat this occurs in a thir d of patients and usually resolves in hospital with medication. A heart attack on rar e occasions during surgery the heart can s
13、uffer a heart attack Infection this may involve the chest and leg or arm wounds, or the lungs, and will be treated with antibiotics. page 4 Pain we will give you r egular painkillers while you ar e in hospital and you may need painkillers for some weeks after your operation. You should tell your nur
14、se straight away if you are in pain. Kidney pr oblems. Bypass surgery can af fect your kidney function. They usually recover within a few days. All of these complications are uncommon and you should discuss your individual risk with your surgeon. Alternatives to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting The a
15、lternatives to coronary artery bypass grafting are: Medical tr eatment Angioplasty a pr ocedur e in which a doctor uses a tiny balloon to open up the narrowed parts of your arteries, which may be supported by placing a stent within the coronary artery. Your cardiologist will have already discussed t
16、hese alternatives, including the risks and benefits, with you and whether they are options for your specific condition and symptoms. Consent We will ask you for your written consent for the operation to go ahead. Your surgeon will discuss the risks, benefits and alternatives of the operation with you. If you have any questions,
