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1、English writingXiao Gan yizhong Tina 一 不一致（Disagreements） 所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的 不一致 时态不一致及代词不一致等 例 When one have money ,he can do what he want to . (人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么) 剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应 改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型 的主谓不一致 改为： Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 二 修饰语错位（Mispla
2、ced Modifiers） 英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于 句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引 起变化对于这一点中国学生往往没 有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必 要的误解例 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus. 剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末 三 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments） 在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气 上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被 理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结 构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情 况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又
3、想加些补充说明时发生 例 There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句 子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能 独立成句 改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper. 四 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers） 所谓
4、悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句 子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句 中at the age of ten只点出十岁时， 但没有说明” 谁”十岁时按一般推理不 可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个 悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费 解了 改为： When I was ten, my grandfather died. 例: To do well in college, good grades are essential. 剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主
5、语不清楚 改为： To do well in college, a student needs good grades. 五 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech) “词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词 用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用 等 例: None can negative the importance of money. 剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词 。 改为： None can deny the importance of money. 六 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns) 指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的
6、人或物关系 不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这 一句： Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘 。) 读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑 娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引 起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目 了然了。 这个句子可改为： Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. 例: An
7、d we can also know the society by serving it yourself. 剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代 词yourself指代不一致。改为： We can also know society by serving it ourselves. 七 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences) 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的 例句。 例:There are many students think should wear school uniforms. 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意 思：“There are many students
8、.” 以及“think, should”这多个动词简 单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 改为： There are many students who think we should wear school uniforms. 或： Many students think that we should wear school uniforms. 八 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction) Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地 选用词语的问题，由于教学时间紧迫，教 师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限， 影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲 ，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来
9、就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆 是。 例: The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成 了污染。) 剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍 ”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质 ”了。另外“the increasing use ( 不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 改为： The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also caus
10、es/leads to pollution. 九 累赘(Redundancy) 言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词 ；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单 词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句 子。如： In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系 同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的 不用从句”可以改为： In spite of his laziness, I like him. 例：For the people who are diligent and kind, money
11、 is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。 改为： Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. 十 不连贯(Incoherence) 不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是 结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。 例：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不 连贯。It 与thi
12、ngs 在数方面不一致。 改为： Fresh water is the most important thing in the world. （包括冠词的用法） 十一 综合性语言错误 (Comprehensive Misusage) 所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了 上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态， 语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错 误。 例：Today, Money to everybody is very importance, ours eat, cloth, live, go etc.错误症断1. Born in a small town in south China in the e
13、arly 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician. 2. Du Fu was one of the greatest poets. 3. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds. 4 .We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very able young woman. 5. We have great faith and high hopes for her. Born in a small town in so
14、uth China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician He was born in a small town in south China in the early 50s. In his childhood he liked singing songs. Later he entered a musical college. In the 70s he became a famous musician. Du Fu was one of the greatest poets Du Fu was one of the gr
15、eatest poets of the Tang Dynasty.A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds. Or by what says .what he does.We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very able young woman.We thought she was charming, intelligent, a
16、nd able.We have great faith and high hopes for her.We have great faith in and high hopes for her. She told my sister that she was wrong. I was knocked down by a bike, but was not serious. I am going to a lecture on Chinese drama because he is a dramatist I like. Looking out of the window, the grassland is very beautiful. On entering
