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1、Tasks for todays lessonlCheck Exs. 3-4lChapter 5 The Translators Exertion of Subjectivity 171Chapter 5lThe Translators Exertion of Subjectivity1725.1 The Necessity of the Translators Exertion of Subjectivity lTo Guarantee the Successful Advancement of Translation （确保翻译工作的顺利进展）lTo Extend the Life of
2、the Original Work （延长 原作的生命） lTo Disseminate Cultures （传播文化）1735.2 The Requirements for the Translators Exertion of Subjectivity lGood Language Competence lCultural Background Knowledge lExtensive Knowledge lEarnest Devotion to the Task 1745.3 Manifestations of the Translators Exertion of Subjectivi
3、ty lSelection of the SLT lComprehension of the SLT lSelection of the Translation Strategy Domestication or foreignizationlSelection of Language Form Formal or informal, written or colloquiallReproduction of the SLT in the TLT lImprovement of TLT 1755.4 Restrictions of the Translators Exertion of Sub
4、jectivity lThe translator can mobilize his dynamic role to fulfill translation tasks, but he or she is restrained by some factors at the same time. lFirst of all, the translator is restrained by the original author and the SLT. lSecondly, the translator is limited by the age, region and environment
5、in which he or she lives. lThirdly, the translator is limited by the TLT readers. 176Examplesl直等到两个半月以后，尸身为人在无意中发现时 ，那个狡猾强悍的煤矿工人，在辰谿与芷江两县 交界处的土匪队伍中称小头脑，干打家劫舍捉肥 羊的生涯已多日了。(沈从文) l原译 Two and a half months later, his body was accidentally discovered; but by then the tough, crafty miner was already a band
6、it chief in the border region between Chenxi and Zhijiang, looting the villages and stealing fat sheep. l“捉肥羊” in the dialect of the west of Hunan, means the deed of kidnapping the rich and extorting money from them.177ExampleslIt now writhed in convulsion of pain, and was a forcible type in its lit
7、tle frame, of the moral agony which Hester Prynne had borne throughout the day. (The Scarlet Letter)l原译 她这时正在痛苦的痉挛中扭捩着，她小 小的身体，成了海丝特白兰当天所忍受过来的 精神痛苦的一个强有力的模型。 l改译 女婴正在痛苦中抽搐着，扭动着她那小小 的身躯。这完全象征着海丝特白兰在白天里所 经受的一切精神痛苦。 178Examplesl严复的译文 （为什么这样译？）lIt may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, befo
8、re Caesar (100 B.C.44 B.C.) set foot in Southern Britain, the whole countryside visible from the windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called “the state of nature”. l赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野 ，槛外诸境，历历如在眼下。乃悬想两千年前， 当罗马大将恺撒来到时，此间有何景物。计惟有 天造草昧，人功未施。 179Examplesl译文比较：选择译语的考虑lStudies serve for
9、 delight, for ornament and, for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. (Of Studies by Francis Bacon) l译文1 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也 ，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中 ；其长才也，最见于处事判事之际。(王佐
10、良译) l译文2 求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长 才干。当你孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。当你高谈阔论时 ，知识可供装饰。当你处事行事时，正确运用知识意味着 力量。(何新译) 1710Examplesl翻译技巧的使用lThe use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of the international law. l译文1细菌武器的使用是对国际法的明显 违反。l译文2使用细菌武器显然违反国际法。l使用了什么技巧：l词性转换1711Examplesl翻译技巧的使用lAvoid using this computer in
11、extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. l译文1不要在过冷、热、灰尘、湿度的情 况下使用此电脑。 l译文2不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿 度过大的情况下使用此电脑。 l使用了什么技巧：l增词，以使汉语译文意思清楚、语言通顺 。1712Examplesl翻译技巧的使用lJohn was a fool for danger. l译文1 约翰对危险是傻子。 l译文2 约翰是天不怕地不怕的。 l使用了什么技巧：l跳出字面，译出深层含义。1713Examplesl翻译技巧的使用lUnless something is moved, no work is done.l
12、译文1除非某种东西被移动，否则功不会 被完成。 l译文2除非某种物体移动了，否则就没有 做功。 l使用了什么技巧：l改变语态：被动改为主动。1714Examplesl翻译技巧的使用l心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。 l译文1 She had more chambers in her heart than the martyred Bi Gan; and suffered a tithe more pain in it than the beautiful Xi Shi. (translated by David Hawkes) l 译文2 She looked more sensitive t
13、han Pikan, more delicate than Xi Shih. （Notes: 1. A prince noted for his great intelligence at the end of the Shang Dynasty. 2. A famous beauty of the ancient kingdom of Yueh. (杨宪益译) ）l使用了什么技巧：l意译；加注。 1715Examplesl翻译技巧的使用lAnd so many of those “best men” have returned as amputees and quadriplegias to
14、 lie in rancid hospitals which fly the flag that Mr. Agnew holds so close. l 译文1也是那些“优秀分子”中有这样多的人缺臂断腿 ，四肢瘫痪地回来，结果是躺在飘扬着阿格纽先生如此珍 视的那面旗帜的、腐臭之气冲天的医院里。 l译文2那样多的“优秀分子”缺胳膊断腿，甚至四肢瘫 痪回来，结果却躺在臭气熏天的医院里，而医院上空飘荡 的正是阿格纽先生无比珍视的那面旗帜。 l使用了什么技巧：l断句，因汉语的定语不能太长。1716lHomework: Exercise 517171718lLu Xun made such remark
15、s: simply for the motif of A Dream of Red Mansions, there are different opinions depending on the readers standards: Confucians see The Book of Changes, neo- Confucians see lewdness, talented scholars see pathos, revolutionists see excluding the Manchus, and gossipmongers see palace secrets. (经济学家 看到了易, 道学家看到了淫, 才子看到 缠绵 ,革命家看到了排满, 流学家看到了宫围秘事 。)l 1719
