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1、句子成分定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句 子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次 要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补 足语、表语、同位语句子成分主语 谓语 宾语 定语状语 补语 表语同位语1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 同 位 语 状 语主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to
2、believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. （名词词） He likes dancing. （代词词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词词 ） Seeing is believing. （动动名词词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语语从句） It i
3、s very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语语，主语语从句是真正主语语）谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesnt seem to like dancing (三)宾语 动作的对象或
4、承受者及物动词或介词的宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books. 间接 宾语 直接 宾语.please pass me the book. .He bought me some flowers.I like my job. I love you.He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games.（四）定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. The
5、re are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standi
6、ng under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book.（五）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I w
7、aited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态 以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用
8、的及物动词有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变 成主补.I last sa
9、w him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the examThe student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor. He pushed the door open. The door was pushed open.（七）表语系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征 常见的系动词有: be(am,is
10、,are,were,was),appear,look,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet.1. The war was over.2. They seem to know the truth.3. Time is precious.4. Im not quite myself today.5. Who was the first?6. He is out of condition.7. The book is what I n
11、eed.（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old.名词 He himself will do the experiment.代词 He is the oldest among them four.数词 He told me the news that our team won the game.从句 He told me the news that I am interested in.从 句 He went. He went there. He went there yesterday. He wen
12、t there to see his mother yesterday. He went there to see his mother ill in hospitalby bike yesterday.Exercises:分析句子结构 You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He lik
13、es pop music. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend. The sound sounds strange. The food tastes good. He gave me a book yesterday. We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名） Ill have my bike repaired.
