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1、第一章 物质结构元素周期律 第三节化学键Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.为什么一百多种元素可形成数千万种物质？元素的原子是通过什么作用形成如此丰富多彩的物质呢？ Evalu
2、ation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.氧化还原反应标志：有化合价升降的反应。本质：有电子转移的反应电子得失、共用电子对的偏移Evaluation only.Evaluation only.
3、 Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.电解质：NaClHCl（熔）= Na+ + Cl-熔融时不电离。水溶液或熔融时，能导电的化合物。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.S
4、lides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一 离子键实验1-2现象剧烈燃烧，瓶中出现了大量白烟 ，原来的黄绿色逐渐消失。化学方程式2Na + Cl2= 2NaClNaCl形成的原因是什么呢?Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspo
5、se.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slid
6、es for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(1)定义：_之间的_。 (2)成键粒子：_和_。 (3) 作用：_ (4)成键元素：一般是_元素和_元素。带相反电荷离子相互作用 阴离子阳离子活泼金属活泼非金属一 、离子键(5)存在：存在于离子化合物中。静电引力、斥力Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
7、Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、下列说法正确的是（ ）A.含有金属元素的化合物一定是离子化合物B.第IA族和第VIIA族原子化合时，一定生成离子键C.由非金属元素形成的化合物一定不是离子化合物D.活泼金属与非金属化合时，能形成离子键D课堂练习Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created wi
8、th Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、与Ne的核外电子排布相同的离子跟与Ar的核外 电子排布相同的离子所形成的化合物是（ ）A. Na2S B. CCl4 C. KCl D. KFAD课堂练习Evaluation only.Evaluation only. C
9、reated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.在元素符号周围用“ ”或“”来表示原子 最外层电子的式子，叫电子式。Na Mg OCl 原子的电子式：离子的电子式：K+Na+ Mg2+Ca2+ O 2-： Cl - ：阳离子的电子式：简单阳离子的电 子式就
10、是它的离子符号，复杂阳离 子（NH4）例外。阴离子的电子式:不但要画出最外层电子 数，而且还要用中括号“ ”括起来，并 在右上角标出所带电荷“n-”。原子的电子式：在元素符号 周围用小点“.”或小叉“”来 表示其最外层电子数。电子式Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspo
11、se Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 练习 写出下列微粒的电子式：硫原子， 硫离子， 溴原子， 溴离子SBr S 2-： ： Br - ：Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyrigh
12、t 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3、离子化合物的电子式AB型AB2型A2B型课堂练习 KBr CaCl2 K2O Na3NEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Lt
13、d.4、用 电子式 表示 离子化合物 的 形成过程 用电子式表示氯化钠的形成过程 用电子式表示溴化钙的形成过程 Cl Na Cl - ：Na+Br ：Ca Br ：Ca2+ Br -： Br -：Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyrig
14、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 练习 用电子式表示氧化钙的形成过程 用电子式表示硫化钾的形成过程 O O 2-： Ca Ca2+ S 2K K+ S 2-： ：K+(3)用电子式表示溴化钡的形成过程 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose
15、Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.离子化合物中，阴阳离子之间的作 用Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.小结阴离子阳离子离 子 化 合 物活泼金 属原子活泼非金 属原子失去 电子得到 电子静电作用 静电吸引=静电排斥离 子 键离子键:使阴、阳离子结合成化合物的静电作用.作业：用电子式表示下列物质的形成过程：CaCl2 、MgO 、NaF 、Na2O Evaluation only.Evaluation only.
