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1、1、合理配置资源的必要性：资源的有限性和人们需求的无限性之间的矛盾2、资源配置的基本方式计划市场3、市场经济： 市场在资源配置中起 基础性（决定性）作用的经济。一、市场调节Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011
2、 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.供不应求供不应求价格上涨价格上涨获利增加获利增加扩大生产扩大生产资源流入资源流入供过于求供过于求价格下降价格
3、下降获利减少获利减少缩小生产缩小生产资源退出资源退出资资 源源 配配 置置市市场配置资源的方式场配置资源的方式 - - “ “看不见的手看不见的手” ”谁在指挥人、财、物在全社会的配置？价值规律-无形手，市场主要通过价格、供求、竞 争等来调节人、财、物在全社会的配置。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyri
4、ght 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.市场通过价格
5、涨落比 较及时、准确、灵活 地反映供求关系的变 化,传递供求信息，实 现资源配置人、财、物在全 社会的配置生产经营者面对市场 竞争，调整生产经营 活动，提高劳动生产 率，推动科技和管理 进步资源有效利用调节促进有效利用资源 - “鞭子”4、市场调节的优点（课本79页）合理配置资源 - “棒子”Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.
6、2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose P
7、ty Ltd.良好的市场秩序依赖市场规则来维护。1、规范市场秩序的意义只有具备公平、公正的市场秩序，形成统一开放竞争 有序的现代市场体系，市场才能合理配置资源，市场经济 才能健康、有序发展。 2、市场规则与市场秩序的关系Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
8、 Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3、市场规则的内容和形式市场准入规则市场竞争规则市场交易规则
9、法律法规、 行业规范、 市场道德规范自愿、平等、公平、诚实信用Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Create
10、d with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4、建立社会信用制度 诚信是现代市场经济正常运行的必要条件 。形成以道德为支撑，法律为保障的社会 信用制度，是规范市场秩序的治本之策 。切实加强社会信用建设，建立健全社会 信用体系，尤其是加快建立信用监督和失 信惩戒制
11、度。 重要性诚信缺失会导致市场混乱，进而导致投 资不足、交易萎缩、经济衰退。措施Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation onl
12、y. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.建立社会信用制度-规范市场秩序的治本之策 为什么 A、市 场：市场正常运行必不可少的条件。 B、企 业：企业发展成败的重要因素。 怎么办国家：国家：大力建立健全社会信用体系，尤其要加快建立信用 监督制
13、度和失信惩戒制度。 企业与个人：企业与个人：学法、懂法、守法、用法。 树立诚信观念，遵守市场道德。道德(支撑) + 法律(保障)5、如何维护市场秩序Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
14、Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.是不是市场秩序好了，市场配置资源就 完美无缺呢？情 境 模拟假设你所经营的牛奶厂着 火了，现在你要连线119消防 服务公司HELPH
15、ELP! !给多少？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides
16、for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（三）市场调节的局限性1、市场调节不是万能的有些行业和领域市场不能调节：如：国防、治安、消防等公共物品的供给基础设施和大型工程建设有些部门和领域不让市场调节：如：枪支、弹药、麻醉品等思考：市场可以而且能够起作用的领域， 市场是否具有弊端 呢？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0
