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1、 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千 变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系 ，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五 种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种 基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一： + + （主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二： + +
2、 + + （主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三： + + + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四： + + +IO +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五： + + + + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一 + +（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特 点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。 （不及物动词动词 ）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He
3、10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone基本句型二 + + + +（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动 词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明 主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完 整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分三类 ：状态系动词be(is /am /are/was/were), seem,appear,remain,stay,keep,prove
4、（如：The rumor proved（=turned out) true. 这谣传结果是真 的。） 五大感官系动look,feel,smell,taste, sound；动态系动词get, grow, become,turn,go, grow, fall（进入某种状态如：ill,asleep)表示 变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的 作用，其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。（是系动词动词 ）(表语语)1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is sme
5、lls(闻闻) fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. 基本句型 三 + + + +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓 语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生 的动作，但不能表达完整的意思， 必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受 者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫 做及物动词。（实义动词实义动词 ）(宾语宾语 ) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7
6、. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. “Good morning.“ 基本句型 四 + + +IO +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语 动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者 ，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连 接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承 受者之前时
7、，这一介词往往被省略。（及 物）（多 指人）（多指物）1. She 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 基本句型 五 + + + + +
8、+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是 ：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只 跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意 思，必须加上一个补充成分来补 足宾语，才能使意思完整。（及物 ）（宾语宾语 ）（宾补宾补 ）1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to com
9、e back soon. getting on the bus. （二） 1.They work hard.1.They work hard.主主 + + 谓谓 2.The flower is dead.2.The flower is dead.主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water.主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds.主主 + + 谓谓 + + 直宾直宾 + + 间宾间宾 5.We should keep the plan
10、ts in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 宾补宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.6.Many animals live in trees.主主 + + 谓谓除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前 面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是 单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型 的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下 面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例：We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂
11、坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the
12、 Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的 一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应 掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry. He got through the window. Youll get a surprise. He got his shoes and socks wet. He got himself into trouble. He got her a splendid present. 在句子中词类
13、和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。 I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 I have to do something. 我得做点事。I have something to do. 我有点事做。 S V P S V O S V OS V O CS V O C S V IO DOS V OS V O CS V OS V O C1.We heard Mary singing an English 2.Lily sang a song beautifully which she learned fr
14、om her English teacher when we passed her home on our way home.主语谓语宾语补语状语时间状语从句定语从句主语谓语宾语Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. Josephine Tesauro, left, active and healthy at 92, is part of a study trying to determine why some people age better than others, even when
