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1、 Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics The Graduate School College of Electronic and Information Engineering The Analysis and Design of Calibration System in Millimeter-wave Simulation System A Thesis in Communication and Information System by Wang Zhide Advised by Prof. Zang Chunhua Su
2、bmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering March, 2012 承诺书 本人声明所呈交的硕士学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得南京航空航天大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。 本人授权南京航空航天大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在
3、解密后适用本承诺书） 作者签名： 日 期： 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 i 摘 要 射频仿真技术可以在微波暗室中通过模拟雷达目标和目标环境的电磁散射特性，来实现对导引头性能的测试实验工作。这种模拟技术能够以较低的成本对导引头的技术指标与性能做出全面有效的评估，在很大程度上促进了导引头研制技术的发展，因而是导引头研制过程中不可或缺的研究手段。 目前，我国的射频仿真技术大部分还处在厘米波阶段。而近年来，随着毫米波技术的迅速发展，毫米波仿真技术进入了应用新阶段。因此，对毫米波仿真技术的研究是十分必要的。校准系统作为毫米波仿真系统的计量工具系统，其主要作用是对仿真系统中的阵列天线位置、阵列及毫米波馈
4、电系统的电气参数进行测量标定。本文首先分析了毫米波的基本特点，然后对毫米波仿真系统中的校准系统进行了整体设计，根据整体设计选用高性能的毫米波器件研制出了高灵敏度、大动态范围、高定位精度的毫米波校准接收机，并测量分析了校准接收机的各项性能参数。 文章还通过对校准流程的详细分析，设计出能够协调仿真系统中各分系统有效工作的校准控制程序。论文详细分析了校准程序各子模块的流程，并给出了关键模块的实现方法。 本文给出了二元组目标定向公式的推导方法，并对二元组定向公式中的幅度误差与相位误差对目标定位精度的影响进行了讨论。校准接收机的测量误差和三轴转台的指向误差也是影响目标定位精度的重要因素，本文也作了分析与
5、讨论。 最后，本文阐述了校准系统的详细校准方法，并对测试数据进行了分析。从数据分析的结果可以看出校准系统的目标定位精度和目标追踪特性达到了毫米波仿真系统的设计要求。 关键字关键字：毫米波仿真，校准系统，校准接收机，校准程序，二元组，目标定位精度 毫米波仿真系统中校准系统的设计与应用 ii ABSTRACT RF simulation technologies can implement the test work for the performance of homing head by simulating radar targets and the electromagnetic scat
6、tering feature of the target environments in the microwave anechoic chamber. The simulation technologies can make a comprehensive effective assessment for the performance of homing head with lower cost, and promote the homing head development technologies largely. Therefore, RF simulation technologi
7、es are indispensable methods in the process of homing head development. At present, most of RF simulation technologies in China are still at centimeter frequency stage. But in recent years, with the rapid development of millimeter-wave technologies, the application of millimeter-wave simulation tech
8、nologies has come into a new stage. Therefore, the research on millimeter-wave simulation technologies is very necessary. As a measurement tool of millimeter-wave simulation system, the main function of the calibration system is to correct the location of the antenna array and the electrical paramet
9、ers of millimeter-wave feed system. The basic features of millimeter-wave and the overall design for calibration system of millimeter-wave simulation system are analyzed in this thesis. According to the overall design, high performance millimeter-wave devices are used to develop a calibration receiv
10、er with high sensitivity, large dynamic range and high positioning accuracy, whose performance parameters are also measured. The calibration program is designed based on analyzing calibration process in detail, which can coordinate each subsystem of the simulation system to work effectively. The flo
11、wchart is given for each module of the program, and the implementation of key-modules is discussed. The target location formula for the binary group is deduced and the impacts of amplitude error and phase error on target accuracy are discussed in the thesis. The measurement error of calibration rece
12、iver and the pointing error of three-axis turntable also have important impacts on the target location accuracy, which are also analyzed. Finally, the calibration method of the calibration system is described and the test data are analyzed in the thesis. The analysis results show that the target loc
13、ation precision and target tracking feature meet the requirements of the design for millimeter-wave simulation system. Key words: Millimeter-wave simulation, Calibration system, Calibration receiver, Calibration program, binary group, Target location accuracy. 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 iii 目录 第一章 绪论 . 1 1.1 毫米波技术概述. 1 1.1.1 毫米波发展概述 . 1 1.1.2 毫米波的特点 . 1 1.2 仿真技术概述. 3 1.3 毫米波仿真系统的组成及工作原理 . 4 1.4 课题研究的意义 . 5 1.5 本文各章节的安排 . 5 第二章 校准系统的组成及工作原理 .
