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1、Coping with the Energy Challenge The IECs role from 2010 to 2030Smart electrification The key to energy efficiencyWhite paperSeptember 20102INTRODUC TIONOver the next decades, the world will face in- creasing challenges to supply energy in suffi- cient quantities, while reducing carbon emission leve
2、ls. Saving energy and using energy more efficiently are key to addressing these chal- lenges. Ours is a connected world and energy efficiency solutions will need to work together, safely, everywhere to make a real impact. Not just in the developed world, but in developing countries as well.However,
3、without metrics all efforts to reduce and optimize energy consumption are doomed to remain small and insignificant. As the first IEC President, Lord Kelvin, always said: “If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it!”. This statement is especially true here: without meas- urement you cant credibl
4、y demonstrate energy efficiency improvements. The IEC provides and will continue to provide many of the measuring standards that are the basis for benchmarking, energy audits and compliance assessments.But the IEC also holds an important piece of the solution for overall energy efficiency smart elec
5、trification.Electricity is the most easily controllable form of energy. The IEC believes that electricity will be the most important contributor to climate change mitigation. It is easily controlled and weightless. It is easier to transport and distrib- ute and cleaner at the point of use than most
6、other energy sources, and it can be produced cleanly at the point of generation. It represents the most efficient way of generating and con- suming power and the most intelligent approach for future global efforts to economize energy.With this paper, the IEC is laying the foundation for the electric
7、al energy efficiency discussion.To define where IECs work needs to be fo- cused, the IEC has studied the wide array of en- ergy efficiency opportunities and technologies that are available. Based on this the IEC has developed a model projecting what it believes is likely to happen in the next 20 yea
8、rs.This document is a summary of those reflec- tions and constitutes a roadmap and recom- mendations that will allow the IEC to develop the many standards that are needed to enable highest short- and long-term energy efficiency outcomes, today and tomorrow.3This document has been prepared by the IEC
9、 Market Strategy Board (MSB). The MSB was set up by the IEC to identify the principal tech- nological trends and market needs in the IECs fields of activity. It sets strategies to maximize input from primary markets and establishes priorities for the technical and conformity as- sessment work of the
10、 IEC, improving the IECs response to the needs of innovative and fast- moving markets.The MSB comprises 15 chief technology offic- ers as members appointed from industry, and (ex officio) the IEC Officers.Executive summaryIn Section 1, the problem of energy demand, the energy challenge and the addit
11、ional climate challenge are stated with a short summary of salient action points.Section 2 summarizes available levers and their potential to reduce CO2 emissions and in- crease energy efficiency.In Section 3 a definition for energy efficiency is provided, with a review of technology inno- vations t
12、hat already today have the potential to significantly increase energy efficiency in power generation. This section also outlines the use of electricity and potential efficiency improve- ments in buildings and homes, industry and transportation.Section 4 addresses the potential to reduce CO2 emission
13、s in power generation as well as carbon capture and storage.Section 5 provides a sensitivity analysis re- garding the overall impact of different energy scenarios and their ability to reduce long-term carbon emission levels.Section 6 demonstrates what needs to change in the energy chain to achieve t
14、he CO2 emission levels that can help humanity to mitigate climate change.Section 7 offers a summary of critical suc- cess factors for implementing energy solutions, and in Section 8 the MSB, author of the present document, presents key recommenda- tions for the IEC.4CONTENTSSection 1 Problem stateme
15、nt 71.1 Economy 8 1.2 Population 8 1.3 Energy demand 8 1.4 Distribution of the population and energy demand by region 8 1.5 Distribution by type of energy produced 8 1.6 Distribution by type of energy used 9 1.7 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 9 1.8 The challenge 10Section 2 Framework for solutions 1
16、12.1 Parameters for the response 12 2.2 Targets for action 12CO2 = P x E / P x CO2 / E 2.3 Levers available 13 2.4 Perspectives for evolution 15Section 3 Energy efficiency 173.1 Energy efficiency: a definition 18 3.2 The current electrical energy chain 18 3.3 Fossil-fuel power generation 20 3.4 Co-generation (combined heat and power, CHP) 21 3.5 Fuel cells, including uses in combination with CHP however, they will re
