《描述运动的基本概念匀速直线运动》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《描述运动的基本概念匀速直线运动（68页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.复习备考导航考 点要求1.机械运动，参考系，质点2.位移和路程3.匀速直线运动、速度、速率、位移公式svt、s t图、vt图4.变速直线运动
2、、平均速度Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .
3、NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1从近几年的高考试题可以看出本章考查的热点是：匀变速直线运动的公式、规律的应用及vt图象的应用，考查的题型以选择题和计算题的形式出现，题目背景新颖，与实际联系比较密切2在将来的高考中，考查的热点、重点不会变，尤其是图象问题更是重中之重，因此，正确运用图象，搞清图象所描述
4、的物理量间的函数关系，明确斜率、截距、面积等所表示的物理意义是复习的重点Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3在复习中，特别注意将物理规律应用于实际的问题，追及、相遇和图象的综
5、合是经常考查的内容，因此复习时，要培养学生数形结合解决物理问题的能力，把运动形式和图象结合起来，从中寻求适用的规律，通过一些典型例题和练习帮助学生熟练掌握Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose P
6、ty Ltd.知识体系总览Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slid
7、es for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for
8、.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Co
9、pyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、机械运动和参考系1机械运动是指物体的 随时间变化机械运动是自然界中最简
10、单、最基本的运动形态2参考系：在描述一个物体的运动时，选来作为 另外的物体(1)同一运动选择不同参考系时，其运动情况可 (2)参考系的选取是任意的，为了使观测方便和运动的描述尽可能简单，一般以 为参考系空间位置参考不同地面Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pt
11、y Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、质点1定义：用来代替物体的有 的点2物体可被看做质点的条件若物体的 和 对所研究的问题没有影响，或者其影响可以忽略不计时，该物体可看做质点3对质点的理解(1) 质点是一个理想化的物理模型质点是对实际物体科学的抽象，是研究物体运动时，抓住主要因素，忽略次要因素，对实际物体进行的近似，现实中的质点是不存在的质量大小形状Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Cre
12、ated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2) 物体能否看成质点是由问题的性质决定的同一物体在有些情况下可以看成质点，而在另一些情况下又不 能看成质点如研究火车过桥的时间时就不能把火车 看成质点，但研究火车从北京到上海所用时间时就可以把火车看成质点Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .
13、NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.特别提醒(1) 物体的大小并不是判断物体能否看成质点的标准看成质点的物体，可能体积很大(如公转中的地球)，也可能很小(如运动的电子)(2) 质点并不是质量很小的点，也不同于几何图形中的“点”Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created
14、 with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、时刻和时刻时刻时间间隔意义一瞬时一段时间在时间轴上的表示对应运动量位置、瞬时速度、瞬时加速度位移、位移的变化、速度变化通常说法(举例)第几秒初、第几秒时、第几秒末前(头)几秒内、后几秒内、第几秒内用点 表示用线段表示
15、Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.四、位移和路程定义义区别别联联系位移表示质质点的 变动变动 ，它是质质点由 指向的有向线线段(1) 是矢量， 是标标量(2) 与路径无关，只
16、由初末位置决定， 由路径决定(1)在单单向直线线运动动中，位移的大小 路程路程质质点 的长长度(2)任何情况下，位移的大小都不大于路程位置初位置末位置运动轨动轨 迹位移路程位移路程等于Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.五、
