《第三篇机械零部件的结构设计》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第三篇机械零部件的结构设计（19页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、一、 结构设计的基本原则第三篇 机械零部件的结构设计结构设计的目标：保证功能结构设计的要求：明确提高质量 降低成本简单 安全Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2.简单零件形状
2、尽可能简单零件间联接关系简便零件数目尽量少3.安全可靠每一功能须有确定的结构来实现1.功能明确例如：实现定位和定心的功能采用锥形轴颈采用圆柱形轴颈和轴肩毂孔较小轴肩不起作用毂孔较大 轴向能定位 定心不准确柱面定心轴肩定位Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
3、 Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、结构设计的准则1.满足功能要求功能合理分配12 3 45以卸载带轮为例压轴力轴承3轴承座1螺栓2箱体转矩螺栓法兰盘4花键5轴功能集中以包装机支架为例11个零件组装整体铸造Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 200
4、4-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2.产品造型比例色彩形状Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3
5、.加工工艺(1) 铸件结构工艺性Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.减少分型面避免凸起和凹陷少用或不用型芯避免不必要曲面Evaluation only.Evaluation o
6、nly. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.规定拔模斜度 便于起模分型面避免妨碍起模 的凸凹结构壁厚应均匀 避免两连接壁成锐角Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slid
7、es for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2) 锻件结构工艺性自由锻：模锻：将加热坯料放在砧块上锻打锻件形状应简单、对称、平直将加热坯料放在上下锻模型腔内施压分模面应为水平面、形状简单、拔模斜度、过渡圆角Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with
8、 Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(3) 机加工件结构工艺性减少加工面退刀槽与 砂轮越程槽使零件便于装夹加工面位于 同一高度Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3
9、.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一次装夹完成加工锥度、圆角、孔径 等相同，减少刀具 安装调整斜孔采用凸台与 出刀底面，防止 钻头引偏Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.
10、2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.装配(1) 合理划分装配单元减速器高速轴系中间轴系低速轴系(2) 零部件正确安装准确 定位避免 过定位 防止 错误 安装Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Cr
11、eated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(3) 便于装拆足够装配空间板手空间避免过长配合面便于装拆装配简化Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
12、 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5.满足强度要求(1) 等强度结构(2) 改善受力状况强度高 费材齿轮布置在 远离转矩 输入端强度差等强度减少悬臂 长度Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pr
13、ofile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(3) 减少应力集中(4) 使载荷平衡过渡圆角卸载槽合理选择轮齿旋向 减少轴承轴向力Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 200
14、4-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.6.自助(1) 自加强牙嵌式离合器(1) 零部件拆卸简便工作压力升高 密封效果加强(2) 自保护转矩加大 轴向力增大 半离合器左移7.利于回用(2) 可用零部件便于整修(3) 材料容易分离Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profil
15、e 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、箱体类零件结构设计要点1.应考虑的主要问题(1) 满足工作要求保证箱内零件相互位置正确保持与箱外零部件相互关系准确(2) 有足够的承载能力主要是刚度、其次为强度、热变形等(3) 工艺性好Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides f
16、or .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(4) 外形结构复杂 5部分组成机构简单 2部分组成 下面漏油整体式箱体 不易漏油 安装困难3部分组成 不易漏油 安装方便Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(1) 铸造毛坯2.箱体毛坯灰铸铁、球墨铸铁、铸钢容易实现复杂形状、吸振好(2) 焊接毛坯壁厚箱壁较薄、无须制作模型3.箱体结构主要参数加强筋Evaluation only.Evaluatio
