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1、如何撰写学术论文如何撰写学术论文方肇伦2005.3Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.学术论文的功能和目的w学术论文是表述科研成果的最佳方式之一。公开 发表的学术论文在学术界影
2、响面最大、是公认最 权威的交流方式，因此统称为“文献”。 w撰写论文是总结过程，提高过程，由感性认识提 高到理性认识的过程。理论再来指导下一步实践 w实验与理论的关系： I.M. Kolthoff : “Theory guides, experiment decides” w学术论文 实验报告Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.
3、2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.发表论文中的道德问题切忌：w 炮制数据 (forgery)w 一稿多投 (duplication)w 抄袭剽窃 (plagiarism 包括“自我剽窃”）w 避重就轻 (fact hiding)w 化整为零 (fragmentation)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created
4、with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Dont Split One Paper into ThreeDont Split One Paper into ThreeDont blindly pursue just Dont blindly pursue just the the quantityquantity of of publications and neglect public
5、ations and neglect their their qualityquality . Each paper . Each paper to be published should to be published should have sufficient contents to have sufficient contents to be a paper. be a paper. Dont split a thin paper Dont split a thin paper into three, or youll get into three, or youll get minc
6、e,not papers.not papers.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、撰写论文前的准备工作w 何时开始准备? 准备工作始于工作创新点得到确认时及最初系统收 集
7、实验数据时。w 准备什么? n系统查阅有关文献（Web of Science）n反映实验中规律性变化与关系的图和表n仔细审查实验设计尽量避免出现漏洞n确定优化范围与对象灵敏度、检出限、精确度、分析或反应速度、通量、试样和 试剂消耗、抗干扰、产率、价格等Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004
8、-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、论文的撰写w1、论文的结构w2、论文的语言和语种w3、论文的修改Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-
9、2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、论文的结构w 标题n尽可能简捷，最好一行字，非特殊情况，不要超过二行 中文30字，英文15单词。n充分反映工作的创新点和特点。 w著作者和单位名n作者应是对论文或至少对其中一部分内容负责的工作人 员，稍参加讨论或作技术性修改的人员最好不列为作者 。n通讯作者一般是题目负责人。 w 摘要n充分反映工作的创新点、特点和意义。n工作中观察到的重要现象。n实验中获得的重要数据。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
10、0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、论文的结构正文（1）w 前言n工作意义n前人做的工作w如实反映现状及历史沿革w切忌避重就轻n本工作的简要目标w 理论部分（必要时）n系统论述工作的理论依据Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pro
11、file 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1 1、论文的结构、论文的结构正文（正文（2 2）w 实验部分n实验装备（型号、生产厂家、名称、城市、 国家）。n试剂（来源、纯度、配制方法）。n实验操作：操作方法及实验参数。 叙述详尽程度应使同行能重复有关实验。n优化方法：单因子实验，正交设计，单纯型 优化，优化目标。n注意事项：安全方面的考虑，毒性，
12、高腐蚀 性，放射性，高电压等。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1 1、论文的结构、论文的结构正文（正文（3 3）w结果与讨论n实验中的设计思想及技术战线的选择与确定。n实验
13、条件的优化。n对重要实验现象的讨论与分析及规律性的认识。n重要实验结果及其与前人工作的比较。n数据的使用中注意真实性、可靠性、有效性、一 致性。n数据处理- 精度（reproducibility） - 误差分析（error bars） - 有效数字（significant figures） - 验证、确证（validation）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
14、 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright
15、2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.有效数字的常见误区w 数字越多越准确体重 = 65.2 kg = 65.23765478 kg w 计算器决定有效数字 2.0/7.0 = 0.29 = 0.285714285 w 有效数字与测量精度脱节测量精度 0.1%: 2.345 1%: 2.35 10%: 2.4 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cl
16、ient Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1 1、论文的结构、论文的结构正文（正文（4 4）w结论n总结工作中所取得的主要成果，尽可能把感 性认识上升为理性认识n在此基础上展望下一步工作或本文对本领域 发展的意义 w致谢 n对为论文作出贡献的单位与个人表示谢意 w文献：按所投期刊要求统一格式。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
