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1、Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood1Tianjin University of Science & Technology第一章 植物纤维原料的化学成分及生物结构Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood2Tianjin University of Science & Technology第一节 植物界的基本类群一、植物的分类原则分类学的主要等级为：界(Kingdom)、门(Division)、纲(Class)、目(Order)、科(Family)、属(Gerus)、种(Species
2、)，“种”是最基本的单位。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood3Tianjin University of Science & TechnologyChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood4Tianjin University of Science & Technology苏铁纲 (Gycadinae)银杏纲 (Ginkgoinae)裸子植物门 松柏纲 (Coniferae)(Gymnospermae) 红豆杉纲 (Taxinae)买麻藤纲 (Gnetinae)松柏纲 松、杉、柏及南
3、洋杉科Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood5Tianjin University of Science & Technology双子叶植物纲被子植物门单子叶植物纲双子叶植物纲 阔叶材单子叶植物纲 禾本科Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood6Tianjin University of Science & Technology二、植物的命名国际通用的学名，基本采用了 1753 年瑞典植物学家林奈 (Carl von Linne) 所倡用的“双名法”作为统一的植物命名法。Chapter
4、 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood7Tianjin University of Science & Technology 第一个词是属名，相当于“姓”，词性：名词； 第二个词是种加词，相当于“名”，词性：形容词； 学名后面加上最早给这个植物命名的作者名的缩写；学名是用拉丁文来命名的，如采用其他文字语言时也必须用拉丁字母拼音，即所谓的拉丁化。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood8Tianjin University of Science & Technology 完整学名：属名+种加词+命名人
5、名缩写如: 马尾松：Pinus massonniana Lamb.云 杉：Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. 三名法：属名+种加词+亚种或变种加词+命名人名缩写如：大叶相思：Acacia auriculiformis A.cunn.ex.BenthChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood9Tianjin University of Science & Technology三、造纸植物纤维原料的分类及其代表性植物（一）木材纤维原料1、针叶材(Needle leaved wood or Softwood or Conif
6、erous)2 、阔叶材(Leaf wood or Hardwood or Dicotyledon)Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood10Tianjin University of Science & Technology1针叶材裸子植物门松柏纲植物因叶多为针状，故称为针叶木。商业上称为软木。如：云杉、冷杉、马尾松、落叶松、红松、白松。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood11Tianjin University of Science & Technology西部铁杉 Tsuga
7、 heterophylla Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood12Tianjin University of Science & Technology叶 部Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood13Tianjin University of Science & Technology黄 杉 Pseudotsuga menziesii Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood14Tianjin University of Scie
8、nce & Technology2、阔叶材被子植物门的木本植物是阔叶的、故称为阔叶材，商业上称为硬木。如：杨木、桦木、枫木、桉木、榉木、槭木、相思木等。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood15Tianjin University of Science & Technology杨 木Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood16Tianjin University of Science & Technology杨 木Chapter 1 The Composition and Struct
9、ure of Wood17Tianjin University of Science & Technology杨 木Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood18Tianjin University of Science & Technology（二）非木材纤维原料1禾本科纤维原料2韧皮纤维原料3籽毛纤维原料4叶部纤维原料Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood19Tianjin University of Science & Technology1禾本科纤维原料稻草、麦草、芦苇、荻、甘蔗
10、渣、高梁杆、玉米杆、麻杆、毛竹、慈竹、白夹竹、楠竹等。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood20Tianjin University of Science & Technology小麦茎叶与花序Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood21Tianjin University of Science & Technology甘 蔗Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood22Tianjin University of Science &
11、Technology洞庭湖湿地出产的芦苇 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood23Tianjin University of Science & Technology竹 子Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood24Tianjin University of Science & Technology2韧皮纤维原料红麻、亚麻、黄麻、苎麻、大麻、棉杆皮、桑皮、构皮、檀皮、雁皮等。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood25Tianji
12、n University of Science & Technology3籽毛纤维原料棉花、棉短绒、古棉。4叶部纤维原料香蕉叶、龙舌兰麻、甘蔗叶、龙须草等。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood26Tianjin University of Science & Technology棉 花Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood27Tianjin University of Science & Technology（三）半木材纤维原料这类原料主要指棉秆。棉秆的形态、结构介于木材和禾本科原
13、料之间；分类学上属于棉葵科、棉属。其化学成分、形态结构及物理性质与阔叶材相近。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood28Tianjin University of Science & Technology（四）合成纤维、合成浆人造丝、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等。合成纤维可用于生产无纺布、过滤纸及一些特种纸等。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood29Tianjin University of Science & Technology（五）二次纤维（Secondary Fiber
14、）旧报纸（ONP）、旧杂志纸（OMG）、旧瓦楞箱纸板（OCC：old corrugated container）等。美国废纸商协会1997年废纸出口贸易指南PS-97中将废纸分为51个等级和33个特殊等级。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood30Tianjin University of Science & TechnologyGlobal development of paper production, chemical pulp, and recovered paper consumption.Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood31Tianjin University of Science & Technology旧瓦楞箱纸板 （OCC）Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood32Tianjin University of Science & Technology旧报纸（ONP）Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood33Tianjin University of Science & Technology
