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1、 句子句子 成分句子 结构句子 种类句子成分主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语: 主语发出的动作 宾语: 动作的承受者 定语:用来修饰名词、代词 状语:时间、地点、原因等 表语:表示主语“是什么”“怎么样”句子成分主语：You beat him. 谓语: You beat him. 宾语: You beat him. 定语:You beat the bad boy.状语:You beat him at home. 表语:He is bad./He is a boy. 主语：一个句子所叙述的主体。句子中的第一个名词或代词.句子结构主+系+表主+不及物动词主+及物动词+宾语+宾补主+及物动词+间
2、宾+直宾主+及物动词+宾语 主+谓+宾句子种类按句子的用途分 按句子的结构分陈述句疑问句祈使句简单句并列句复合句感叹句 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或 并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列 谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰， 给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给 句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句 子的意思变得更
3、加的丰富和充实。但不 管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。 He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在 句中作状语，修饰动词worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名 词student) 2) 并列句： 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句 连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义 同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系， 是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词 连结。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is
4、bright; the road is tortuous. 并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little
5、 man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, 等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的 句子。 从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语 从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。句型 主句+连词+从句；或连词+
6、从句+主句 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结 构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主 谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主 谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部 分。 As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引导一个定语从 句) Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的状语从句)Ex
7、ercises 判断句型 1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰 整个句子) (复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语 从句) 3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 4. The boy who offered me his seat is ca
8、lled Tom. 5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?简单句复合句简单句6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句 复合句 简单句9. Neither has he cha
9、nged his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 复合句 简单句简单句Subject 主语 S主语句子中表明动作执行者或谓语 描述对象的名词、名词短语或代词句子成分Predicate 谓语 V谓语修饰主语。包括动词、宾语或动词 所支配的短语。 如 Jane open
10、ed the door. 或 The child is very sleepy.句子成分Object 宾语 O - Predicative 表语 P宾语一个句子中接受动词的动作或受动 词影响的名词或名词性词组 系动词 表语（名词/形容词）及物动词 宾语（名词）句子成分Attribute 定语 Attrib. 定语指一个词或短语(多为形容词或名 词词组)，在句法上从属于它所修饰的 词或短语 如：my sisters brown dog Adverbial 状语 adv.句子成分Complement 补语 C补语跟在一个动词后的一个或几个单词 共同组成的谓语结构 (多为不定式或介 词短语) 如：
11、We like to eat ice cream.句子成分Appositive 同位语 同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名 词性词语。由名词、名词性词语、从句 等充当，放在被修饰词后。 如： They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.句子成分(Members of Sentence)句子基本结构(5种) 1) 主语+谓语(S+V)Day dawns. 天亮了.句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种) 2) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+L+P)He is a professor. 他是一位教授.句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种) 3) 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)She understands French. 她懂法语.句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种) 4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)He told us the whole story. 他把全部经过告诉了我们.句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种) 5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语 (S+V+O+C)He found George intelligent.他发现乔治很聪明.句子 (Sentence)
