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1、GrammarThe Relative Clause 定语从句定语从句的基本概念1定语从句是整个句子充当定语, 来 修饰名词或代词。被定语从句所 修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一 般紧跟先行词。定从一般用关系 代词或关系副词引导，关系词在 含义上替代先行词,并在定语从 句中充当一个成分。定语从句的基本概念2 The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin. 今天早晨来看我的人是我表弟. 先行词定语从句关系代词作主 语，不可省 定语从句的基本概念3 关系代词： 代人: who（主语/宾语），whom（宾语） 代物: which（主语/宾语）
2、代人或物: that (主语/宾语) Whose 某人的/某物的, （先行词的所有格)； 关系代词在从句中做主语，不能省略; 做宾语，可以省略。 定语从句的基本概念4 关系副词： Where 表示地点，在定从中作地点状语; When 表示时间，在定从中作时间状语; Why 表示原因，在定从中作原因状语。 关系代词 which who / whom that 关系副词 when where why 诀窍: n先找定语从句所 修饰的先行词; n再判断定从里缺 少成分吗? n如缺成分, 缺的是 什么成分? 主语 还是宾语? 1. Do you know the lady _ gave us a sp
3、eech last week ? (who, that) 2. The book _ cost me 1,200 yuan is an encyclopaedia. (which, that) 3. He is a man _ we should learn from. (whom, who, that, / ) 4. That is the place _ I was born. (where) 5. Ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye. (when) 6. That is the reason _ I am not in favor of
4、 the plan. (why) 7. I cannot forget the days _ we spent together. (that, which, / ) 8. I cannot forget the days _ we were together. (when) 9. I know the forest _ you can find wild strawberries. (where) 10. I know the forest _ you can find wild strawberries in. (which) = I know the forest in which yo
5、u can find wild strawberries. 11. That was not the reason _ he gave the other day. (that, which) 12 . This is the reason _ may explain his absence. (that, which) 13. Have you seen the movie _ we are talking about? (which, that, / ) Have you seen the movie about _ we are talking? (which; 介词一旦提前,宾语不能省
6、略!) 14. Is she the teacher _ your parents once talked to? (who, whom, that, / ) Is she the teacher to _ your parents once talked? (whom) 15. The tool _ he is working with is called a tin opener. (which, that, / ) The tool with _ he is working is called a tin-opener. (which) 16. The gift was sent by
7、her son _is serving in the army. (who, that) 17. The gift was sent by her son, who is serving in the army. (16, 限制性定从, 限定作用; 17, 非限制性定从, 补充修饰作用) 18. How many students are there in your class _ homes are in Pudong new area? (whose) 19. They have invited us to visit their school, which is very kind of
8、 them. (非限制性定从中的which还可以指代前面一 句话!) 20. The road was widened, which was exactly what we wanted. True or False? Please refer to your handouts! 只用that, 不能用which的5种情况A. 当先行词是不定代词时 (anything， everything，nothing，all，little) 1. Do you have anything that you dont understand? 2. Everything that can be done h
9、as been done. 3. Im not interested in all that he told me.=Im not interested in what he told me.（宾从） B. 当先行词被最高级形容词所修饰时, 1. This is the highest building that I have ever seen. 2. Do you think this is the most powerful computer that has ever been invented? C. 当先行词被序数词修饰时 1. The second question that w
10、as discussed at the meeting was the most important. 2. This is the last book that is on my reading list. D.当先行词被all，no，only，any，very， just，much等词修饰时 This is the very book that Ive been looking for. This is the only example that I can give you. E.当先行词由人和物共同组成 Here are the people and the books that /
11、O I love. 不能用that的两种情况 A. 在非限制性定语从句中 1. Weve collected many stamps, which are all very nice. 2. This note was left by Mr. Wu, who was here a moment ago. B. 在介词后面 1. This is country to which he wants to go. 2. At our school, there are about 200 foreign students, most of whom are from Europe. ASAs也是关系
12、代词，用于 1. Suchas 和 the sameas结构中 I want to buy such a skirt as you are wearing. I want to buy the same skirt as you are wearing. (比较: I want to buy the same skirt that you are wearing. )AS 2. 或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个 句子. She has done a good job, as we all know. As we all know, she has done a good job.Way做先行
13、词? Way做先行词, 表示方式方法: 定语从句中, 可以用 1. in which 2. that 3. OWay做先行词? 1. Wallance and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun. 2. The way in which these comrades look at problems is wrong. 3. The way that these comrades look at problems is wrong. Way做先行词? 4. The way these comra
14、des look at problems is wrong. 5. Musicians rarely agree on the way a piece of music should be played. CLASSICAL QUESTIONS , 1. The old woman has two sons, one of _ is a professor. 2. The old woman has two sons, and one of _ is a professor. (1. whom, 2. them) CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,3. Do you know why
15、he was absent?（宾从 ） 4. Do you know the reason why he was absent?（定从） 5. Do you know the reason which (that) may explain his absence?（定语从句） 以上三句含义相同，句式不同。 CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,6. The reason that you were ill yesterday is not accepted. （你昨天生病的原因没有被接受。） 这是一句“同位语”从句的句子， “reason”与“you were ill yesterday” 表达的是同等意思，因此关系词不能用 “which”，只能用“that”。 CLASSICAL QUESTIONS , 7. The news that our team won the game made us exci
