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1、英语句子概论简单句并列句复合句 八种句子成分 主语（subject）: 句子所要说明的人或事物，是 句子的主体。(n., pron., to do, doing and clause) 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语所发出的动作或状 态 (verbs） 表语（predicative）: 放在系动词之后，表示主语 的身分、状态或特征。 (n., pron., adj., adverbs for places, prepositional phrases, to do, doing, done and clause.) 定语（attribute）: 限定或修饰名词或代词。 (adj., a
2、dverbs for places, pron., n., prepositional phrases, to do, doing, done and clauses.)Eg: What I need is a good rest._ _ _宾语（object）: 在及物动词或介词之后。 (n., pron., to do, doing and clause.) 状语(adverbial) : 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整 个句子。 (adv, prepositional phrases, to do, doing, done and clauses.) 宾语补足语（object complem
3、ent）: 说明宾语的 性质、状态、特征或宾语发出的动作。 （adj., n, adverbs for places, to do, doing and done） 同位语(appositive): 解释说明前面的某个名词或 代词。 （n. or that-clauses） Eg. My father, a doctor, often makes me wash my hands before eating._ _ _ 主语 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语 及物动词 宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语 系动词 表语 (S + LV + predicative) 主语动词+间宾+直宾
4、(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语动词宾语宾语补语 (S +Vt.+O+O. C)另There + be / stand/ lie / live.简单句的五种基本句型主语 不及物动词 She came/ My head aches. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 主语 系动词 表语 She is happy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She bought a book for me./She bought me a book. 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 The teacher asked me to read the passag
5、e. There +be There lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例分析下列句子的成分 The farmers dont stay long in the same places. We are having a wonderful time. Its dangerous to swim in the river. I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor. Im going to move to another city next month. Than
6、k you for writing to me. It was lovely to hear from you. Have you anything to say about this question? Its getting dark.并列句可用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句 连接起来，各分句意义同等重要，无从属 关系，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.并列句并列
7、连词 coordinating conjunctions 平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then, as well asbut, however, while, yet, however, still for, so, thus, thereforeor, eitheror, neither nor, otherwiseExercise: 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句 。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was
8、 tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.复合句是通过从属连词把两个以上简单句 连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，而是有从属关系。 其中由从属连
9、词引导的叫从句， 用以修饰另一句子（主句）。 复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句 并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句复合句从属连词（subordinating conjunctions ）引导时间状语从句：after, before, when, while, as, since, until, as soon as, the moment 引导地点状语从句：where 引导条件状语从句：if, unless, as long as, in case 引导原因状语从句：because, as, since, now that 引导目的状语从句：so that, in order that 引导让步
10、状语从句：although/though, even though/if, no matter what/how/where/who 引导结果状语从句：so that, so/such that 引导比较状语从句：asas, not as/soas, than, the morethe more 引导名词性从句：that, what, when, where, why, how, if/whether指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well. vShe was reading a novel when I came in. vS
11、he is the girl who sings best in my class. vThat is what has happened.宾语从句时间状语从句定语从 句 表语从句Ill give the letter to him. I see him. （时间）It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结果）Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (条件 ) We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步）
12、It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him. Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.1.Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the
13、way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 2. Take your umbrella with you _ it rains. A. if B. as if C. in case D. as long as 3.-Do you know _ I could pass the exam? -Sorry, Ive no idea. A. that B. whether C. what D. whi
14、c h 4.Lucy knew nothing about it _ her sister told her. A. because B. until C. if D. since 5.-This dress was last years style. -I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since 6._ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever陷阱题陷阱题1. 1.The letter I have been looking forward to _ at last. come B. coming C. has come D. came 2. Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. learning
