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1、英语语法专项英语语法专项复习与复习与训练训练动动 名词名词By By 熊伟熊伟一、动名词的形式一、动名词的形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、功能及用法二、功能及用法1 1动名词（短语）做主语动名词（短语）做主语，如：Writing the book has taken up all his spare time.Seeing is believing.注注：动名词（短语）做主语还常用于下列结构：动名词（短语）做主语还常用于下列结构：a. Its no use sending him over. Its too
2、 late already.Its no good talking a lot without doing anything.Its a waste of time arguing about it.b. Theres no joking about such matters.Theres no saying what hell be doing next.Theres no telling what hes going to do.注：动名词作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体
3、的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如：Its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象)He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况但在下列几种情况中不能互换：中不能互换：a. 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.b. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it it，而将动名
4、词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜 用不定式来代替：Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing 例如：Its no use going there today; he wont be at home.Its a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home.而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable / Its essential / Its
5、fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：Its important to learn foreign languages.Its quite necessary to read it many times.2 2动名词（短语）作表语，如：动名词（短语）作表语，如：Their job is building houses.Their job is building houses.His job is raising pigs. His job is raising pigs.注注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯
6、；不定式作表动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较：语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较：My My favouritefavourite sport is swimming. sport is swimming.The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.注注：动名词作表语动名词作表语与与现在分词作表语现在分词作表
7、语的区别：的区别：动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，如：My job is looking after the children.Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.The situation is encouraging.This cake is very inviting.The volleyball match we
8、 watched was very exciting. 3 3动名词（短语）用作宾语的情况很多动名词（短语）用作宾语的情况很多，如： Hearing the words, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness. We all avoided mentioning that matter. 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid, admit, consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, ca
9、nt help, imagine, keep (on), dont mind, miss, practise, put off, stop, go on, resist, suggest等，如：Mary is considering changing her job.I enjoy working with you.Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其 中有：begin, cannot bear, continue, forget, hate, intend, like, love, plan, pr
10、efer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, cant afford等。 上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要 注意下列几个情况：A.A. 在begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等动词后，两种结构意义无大的出入，如：She cant bear being laughed at / to be laughed at.但是在下列情况下，通常用不定式不定式： a. 在would like / lo
11、ve / prefer / hate 后表示一个特定的新动作时：Id like to buy a suit.Id hate to disappoint them. b. 当谓语动词已用进行时态时：The water is beginning / starting to boil.Im starting to work on my essay next week. c. 在begin 等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理 状态或精神活动时）：She began to believe his story.He began to realize that he was wrong. d.
12、 当主语是物，不是人时：The water started / began to boil.The ice started / began to melt.B.B. 在need, want, deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含 义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍， （这时主语一般是物），如：The door needs oiling / to be oiled.C.C. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以 区别：I forgot to close the door before I left the room.I forgot havin
13、g closed the door.He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写)He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写)I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事)I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事)They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼)They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼)I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的 事表示遗憾、抱
14、歉)I regret not taking your advice. (后悔) 动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。常 见的有： insist on / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward to / depend on / thank for / excuse for / devote to / set about / spend in / get (be) used
15、to / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up 等 ，如：He insisted on seeing us homeon seeing us home.They all objected to putting the meeting offto putting the meeting off.Are you interested in going to the showin going to the show?Im t
16、hinking of going to town this afternoonof going to town this afternoon.I dont feel like eating anythinglike eating anything.She is afraid of falling behind the othersof falling behind the others.He finally got tired of doing office workof doing office work.She devotes hours to helping Mother with housework on Sunday. 4 4动名词（短语）可以和动名词（短语）可以和about, about, against, against,
