《第十单元课题常见的酸和碱》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第十单元课题常见的酸和碱（43页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第十单元 酸和碱Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.英国化学家 波义耳一次，波义耳偶然将浓盐酸溅到了紫罗兰花瓣儿上。 喜爱鲜花的他急忙用水把花冲洗了一下。过了一会儿， 他惊奇的
2、发现紫罗兰花瓣儿颜色变红了！波义耳没有放 弃这一奇怪的现象，提出了许多猜想和假设并做了大量 的实验来验证猜想，由此他发现大部分花草受酸性或碱 性物质作用都能改变颜色。其中一种叫做石蕊地衣的植 物效果最明显，它的紫色浸液遇酸溶液变红，遇碱溶液 变蓝。这就是最早使用的紫色石蕊试液。石蕊地衣石蕊试液石蕊 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile
3、 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.紫色石蕊溶液紫色石蕊溶液 的的颜颜颜颜色色变变变变化化无色酚无色酚酞酞酞酞溶液溶液 的的颜颜颜颜色色变变变变化化白醋白醋苹果汁苹果汁石灰水石灰水氢氢氢氢氧化氧化钠钠钠钠溶液溶液紫色紫色红色红色 P48 P48 实验实验10-110-1紫色紫色蓝色蓝色紫色紫色红色红色紫色紫色蓝色蓝色无色无色 不变不变无色无色 不变不变无色无色红色红色无色无色红色红色Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with
4、 Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2变色规律： 紫色石蕊溶液：无色酚酞溶液：遇酸性溶液变红色,遇碱性溶液变蓝色遇酸性溶液不变色,遇碱性溶液变红色酸性溶液 中性溶液 碱性溶液紫色石蕊溶液无色酚酞酞溶液红色 紫色 蓝色无色 无色 红色Evaluation only.E
5、valuation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.在日常生活中常见的下列物质的水 溶液能使紫色石蕊试液变红的是 （ ）A、纯净水 B、食盐C、石灰水 D、食醋DEvaluation only.Evaluation only.
6、 Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.自 制 指 示 剂 原 料月季花牵牛花红萝卜美人焦紫包菜蟹爪兰紫甘蓝Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
7、 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.代用指示剂白醋石灰水盐酸氢氧化钠 溶液牵牛花月季花美人焦美人焦紫罗兰紫罗兰 紫卷心菜浅红色红色蓝色粉色绿色红色 红色浅紫色黄绿色蓝色植物花朵的酒精浸出液在酸碱溶液中的变色情况思考：它们为什么可以作代用酸碱指示剂？蓝色红色绿色草绿色 红色绿色草绿色绿黄色粉色 黄绿色Evalua
8、tion only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.课堂练习：1下表是四种花的提取液实验 (酒精用于提取花中的色素) 上表中能做酸碱指示剂的花汁是；_将厨房中的少量白醋滴入大红花的花汁中，可以 看到的现象
9、是_；若将紫罗兰提取液滴入氯化钠溶液中，则可看到 的现象是_。 酒精中 酸溶液中 碱溶液中 大红红花 粉红红色 橙色 绿绿色 紫罗兰罗兰 紫色 红红色 蓝蓝色 万寿菊 黄色 黄色 黄色 大红花、紫罗兰橙色紫色Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.C
10、opyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.柠檬山楂桔子“尝起来酸酸的”Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.认识 盐酸 和 硫酸Evaluation o
11、nly.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.浓盐浓盐 酸浓浓硫酸 颜颜色 状态态 打开瓶盖 后的现现 象气 味无色液体有白雾出现浓盐酸易挥发，挥发 出的氯化氢气体与空 气中的水蒸气结合， 形成盐酸小液滴1、盐
12、酸、硫酸的物理性质有刺激性气味闻气味的方法Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.盐酸硫酸物理性质浓盐浓盐 酸浓浓硫酸 颜颜色 状态态 打开瓶 盖后的 现现象气 味无色液体无色、粘
13、稠、油 状、液体无现象有刺激性气味无气味有挥发性无挥发性Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.盐酸用途胃液中含盐酸 帮助消化制药除锈Evaluation only.Evaluat
14、ion only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.化肥农药颜料除锈精炼石油硫酸用途Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clie
15、nt Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.浓硫酸做干燥剂ab浓硫酸浓硫酸有 吸水性洗气瓶：气体 “长进短出”Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspos
16、e.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.浓盐酸和浓硫酸应 保存，否则 浓盐酸溶质质量分数变 ，浓硫酸 溶质质量分数变 。密封小小Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyr
