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1、专业级四语法冲刺V. 非谓语动词i. 不定式和动名词的区别 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语 表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited here. (抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经 验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目 的。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. (经验) To study ab
2、road has long been my dream. (一件尚未完 成的事情) 如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名 词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作 用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 ii. 谓语动词还是非谓语动词 对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在 独立主格结构，如： All things _
3、 because of the snowstorm， many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sitting B. having sat C
4、. to sit D. sat I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. will follow C. to follow D. being followed If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A. being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completed No on
5、e had told Smith about _ a lecture the following day. A. there being B. there be C. there would be D. there was Jack _from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed独立结构 分词独立结构：一般分词作状语时，它的逻辑主 语应是句子的主语，
6、但有时分词的逻辑主语是其 它的名 / 代词，n. / pron. +分词的结构就是独立( 主格)结构。 A new technique _, the yields as a whole increased by 20%. Answer: having been worked out. 独立结构：(不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不同) 该结构在句中一般作说明情况的状语。 The plan was that the contending parties should reach an early agreement on basic principles, the details to be work
7、ed out later. 1. 结构：(with) + n./pron. + doing(done, adj., prep. phrase) With you standing there, we cant work. The boys returned with their face covered with sweat. with / without 引导的独立结构，有时有分词，有时 无分词，但可看作省略了分词 being. She left the room with the candle burning on the table. He wandered in without sho
8、es or socks on. 2. 结构：S1, S2 . (S1和S2的主语不一致) Weather permitting (If weather permits), well play basketball tomorrow. This done (When this had been done), they packed their tools and went home. The rain having stopped (After the rain had stopped), the soldiers continued their match. They walked in th
9、e garden, little birds singing happily in the tree. The old man was sitting at the table, the newspaper spread before him. It being rainy, they had to call off their trip. 3. 省去 being或分词 后，由 n. / pron.+adj. / adv. / 介词短语构成。 He entered the room, his nose (being) red with cold. The meal (being) over,
10、he went to his office again. He stood in doorway, a hat (held) in his hand. Club (held/being) in hand, the policeman ran after the thief.iii. 非谓语动词常考的其它结构 1. 不定式的特殊结构 构成：疑问代词、副词及 whether / if + to do 常跟疑问代词、副词及 whether / if + to do作宾语的 v.有 ask, consider, decide, discover, discuss, explain, find out,
11、 inquire, forget, know, learn, remember, show(演示), tell, think, understand, wonder. I still dont know whom to turn to for help. They are trying to find out how to solve the problem. Show me where to put the books. They havent decided yet (as to) whether to accept our offer of help. 2. It is + no use
12、, no good, no point, a great fun, a real pleasure, a waste of time, a bore等名词 + (in) doing sth. It is a great fun playing football. There is no point in talking with you. 3. go + doing,表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动 go + jogging(慢跑) /fishing / dancing/ skating / bowling(打 保龄球)/ shopping / sightseeing / camping / sur
13、fing (冲浪) 4. There is no + doing . (There is no表示”不可能”) There is no telling what he is going to do. 说出他要干什 么是不可能的. There is no denying (the fact) that women are playing an important role in the world today. There is no joking about this matter. 这事开不得玩笑 (1) There is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义 Ther
14、e isnt much point (in) repairing that old car again. (2) There is no gain in doing sth.做某事没有好处 There is no gain in being cruel/rude to people.iv. 非谓语动词的时态 1. 不定式的时态 如不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后(或与之同时发生 或将要发生)，用一般时 He is determined to work harder next term. 如不定式(动态动词)表示的动作与谓语动作发生在同 一时间，用进行时 They seem to be having
15、 a meeting. 不定式动作先于谓语动作,用完成式 He is said to have translated many articles into English.2. 动名词的时态 完成式: 表明动名词动作在谓语动作前发生, 使用 having done He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country. His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly. The picture reminded us of having been taken to the zoo. 3. 现在分词的时态 (1) 现在分词的一般式表示与谓语动词的动作同时或 相继发生。 Working together with Dr. White, we learnt a lot from him. (2)现在分词的完成式，表示动作发生在谓语之前， 常用作状语表时间或原因。 Not having done i
