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1、水文地质学基础实验 资源学院 水文水资源实验室Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.实验一 孔隙与水 实验二 达西渗流实验实验三 砂土中水的毛细运动 Evaluation onl
2、y.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.实验一 孔隙与水 一、实验目的1. 加深理解松散岩石的孔隙度、给水度和持水度的概念。2. 熟练掌握实验室测定孔隙度、给水度和持水度的方法。 二、实验内容1熟悉给水度仪并
3、对仪器进行标定。2测定三种松散岩石试样的孔隙度、给水度和持水度 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.v孔隙度（n）=给水度（=持水度：孔隙度与给水度之差。 Evaluation
4、 only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、仪器设备给水度仪、量筒(25ml)和胶头滴管。松散岩石试样：砾石（粒径为510mm）；粗砂 （25mm)砂 （粒径为0.25mm0.5mm）砂砾混合样(上述
5、砂样完全充填进砾石样的孔隙中) Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.给水度仪装置砂样筒进 水 管出水管ABEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Cr
6、eated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.四、实验步骤1. 连接：将试样筒与滴定管装满水，同时打开a、b两开关，在两管口同时流水的情况下连接塑料管。2. 检查：检查仪器底部漏斗是否有气泡。3. 装样：装样前，将A滴定管液面调到零刻度，关闭a、b开关，用
7、干布把试样筒内壁擦干（注意不要将干布接触透水石）。注意:装砂砾混合样时，先把砾石装满，再安装装样筛，将砂样从装样筛中漏入，直至完全充填砾石样孔隙。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty L
8、td.4.测定孔隙度：打开a、b开关(同时用手表计时)，用b开关控制进水速度。试样饱水后立即关闭b开关。记下A滴定管进水量及饱水累计时间，填入（表1-1）。进水量(体积)与试样筒容积之比即为孔隙度。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyri
9、ght 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5.测定给水度：将滴定管初始刻度调至50ml处。降低滴定管后，同时打开a、b开关，使从试样中退出的水进入滴定管。退水过程中，滴定管液面到透水石底面的距离不得大于透水石的选用负压值。退水终止后，将退水量和累计退水时间记 入表1-1。退水量(体积)与试样体积之比就是试样的给水度。 6. 重复上述3、4、5步骤，测定另两种试样的孔隙度和给水度（也可以分组测定不同试样，各组交换实验记录）。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
10、 Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.五、实验成果1. 完成实验报告表(表1-1)。2. 思考题：(1)从试样中退出的水是什么形式的水?退水结束后，试样中保留的水是什么形式的水?(2)根据实验结果，分析比较松散岩石的孔隙度、给水度、持水度与粒径和分选性的关系。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Creat
11、ed with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.表1-1 孔隙与水实验报告表报告人： 班级： 同组成员： 实验日期： 年 月 日仪器编号：砂样体积 cm3砂 样 名 称粒 径 (mm)进水量 (ml)退水量 (ml)孔隙度 （%）给水度 （%）持水度 （%）备 注
12、 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.实验二 达西渗流实验一、实验目的1.通过稳定流条件下的渗流实验，进一步理解渗流基本定律达西定律。2.加深理解渗流速度、水力梯度、渗透系数之
13、间的关系，并熟悉实验室测定渗透系数的方法。二、实验内容1.了解达西实验装置。2.根据达西公式：测定不同试样的渗透系数Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、实验仪器1.达西仪(
14、装有不同粒径的砂样) 2.试样粒径: 粗砂(粒径0.5_1.0 mm)。中砂(粒径0.25_0.5mm)。细砂(粒径0.10_0.25mm) 3.秒表、量筒、直尺等。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 As
15、pose Pty Ltd.达西实验装置示意图 1试样；2进水开关；3出水管；4测压管；5仪器架；6排气管Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.四、实验步骤1.测量仪器的几何参数：
16、分别测量过水断面面积、测压管a、b的间距或渗透路径(L)：记入表2-1。2.调试仪器：打开进水开关，待水缓慢充满整个试样，且出水管有水流出后，慢慢拧动开关，调节进水量，使a、b两测压管读数之差最大。同时打开排气口排尽试样中的气泡。3.测定水头：待a、b测压管读数稳定后读出各测压管的水头值，记入表2-1中。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose P
