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1、动词不定式的常考点归纳动词不定式的常考点归纳一、不定式的时态和语态 主 动被 动 一般式to doto be done 进行式to be doing/ 完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing / Eg. 1.I happened to have seen the film. 2.AIDS is said to have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few year. 主动的形式表示被动主
2、动的形式表示被动: 句中存在不定式的逻辑主语, 构成逻辑上的主谓关系： eg.) The master gave his dog a few bones to eat. I have a lot of papers to type. (比较:I am free now. Do you have any papers to be typed?) 在“形容词+不定式”结构中, 如不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,那么 不定式多用主动语态. 常见形容词：hard, difficult, easy, fit, cheap, expensive, interesting, etc. Eg.) The
3、 water is fit to drink.The couch is comfortable to sit on.=It is comfortable to sit on the couch. 在 there be 结构中,倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义. Eg.) There is always much work to do in the house. 下列句子惯用不定式主动语态. Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。 He is not to blame. 他不该受责备。 二、不定式的否定式二、不定式的否定式 其基本形式是 not
4、to do, not 必须置于整个不定式结构之前。 The patient was warned not to eat only food after the operation. 三、三、不定式的省略与保留不定式的省略与保留 1. 在 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but, why (not) 等结构 后面的不定式符号 to 通常被省略。如: eg.) Youd better tell her the truth. 2. 动词不定式短语作介词 but, except, besides 的宾语，且介词之前有动词 do 或
5、其它形式时，不定式符号 to 通常被省略。 Eg.) What do you like to do besides swim? My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive. Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her. 3在某些感官动词或使役动词（如：hear，listen to， notice，observe， see， watch， make 等）之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中，不定式符号 to 总是被省 略， 但在被动语态的句子中，不定式符号 to 通常保
6、留。 Eg.) They made that man work all the morning. That man was made to work all the morning.4.为了避免重复，在 hope， wish， want， like， love，decide， mean， prefer， have to， be able to， be going to， used to， ought to 等动词及习语 后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号 to，而把其它部分省略。Eg.) Ms King lied to us because she had to. 5.当不定式在
7、ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg 等动词后面充当宾语补足语时, 为了避免重复, 常保留不定式符号 to，而 把后面的动词省略. eg.) She wants to come , but her parents wont allow her to.If he doesnt want to go there, dont force him to.He didnt come, though we had invited him to. 四、不定式的句法功能四、不定式的句法功能 1.
8、作主语： 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语 it 作形式主语 It is an honor to make a speech here. It means failure to lose heart. 常用结构： It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth. It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth. (常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)
9、 Eg.)Its necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English. It is foolish of you to make such a mistake.=You are foolish to make such a mistake. 2.作表语： A.不定式一般紧跟在系动词如 be, seem, remain, appear 等后面,用来说明主语的 内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, function etc. eg.) My p
10、urpose is to teach them a lesson. 有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。 Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them. What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth. B.动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别:动名词表示的动作较抽象、或是习惯性的, 而不定式表示某次具体的动作.Eg.) My job is typing papers. My job now is to type these papers. 3.作宾语： A. 动词+ to 不
11、定式 常见动词: hope, wish, long, want, refuse, pretend, promise, agree, aim, decide, expect, offer, fail, plan, learn, manage, intend, desire, etc. eg.) I longed to become an artist. He helped (to) bring up the orphan. B.动词+(间接宾语)+疑问词+ to 不定式 常见动词: know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, understand, find o
12、ut, etc. eg.) I dont know what to say to comfort her.The farmer showed us how to milk the cow. C.动词+ it+宾语补足语+( for sb.)+ to 不定式： 常见动词:find, consider, think, make, feel, etc. eg.) Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.I think it important for you to recite some English articles. 4
13、.作宾语补足语： 动词/动词词组+宾语+to 不定式 常见动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, allow, permit, help, advise, persuade, cause, force, warn, invite, urge, encourage, prepare, call on, would like, wait for, etc. eg.)I got them to join us in the discussion.They are waiting for the school bus to come. 5.作定语：(考点集中在动词
14、不定式与被修饰词的逻辑关系的判断上) A.与被修饰名词构成动宾关系： Eg.) I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in. (如果不定式是 vi，其后应有适当的介词.) 如果不定式修饰 time, place, way，可以省略介词： eg.)He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem. 注意如果句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式就用被动语态表示。比较: I am going to the post office,
15、for I have a letter to post. I am going to the post office, do you have any letter to be posted? B. 与被修饰名词构成主谓关系： Eg.)He is the right person to do that job. He is the first to get here. 注意不定式+介词修饰名词也可以转换成介词+关系代词（whom 或 which）+不 定式。 Eg.) Mary is a nice companion to travel with. Mary is a nice compani
16、on with whom to travel. I got a piece of paper to write on. I got a piece of paper on which to write. 6.作状语： A.表目的： 注意不定式逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： To save money, every means has been tried. () To save money, he has tried every means. () B.表结果： A .动词不定式与 only 连用时，表示出乎意料的结果。 Eg.)I visited him only to find him out. B. .tooto结构 Eg.)Its too dark for us to see anything.The question is too simple for him to answer. 注：对少数几个表示心情或倾向的形容词，如：glad, ready, pleased
