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1、重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）高性能数控机床主轴部件动态分析学 生：付国强学 号：20072431指导教师：周伟专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化重庆大学机械工程学院二 O 一一年六月Graduation Design(Thesis) of Chongqing UniversityThe Dynamic Analysis of High-Performance NC Machine Tool Spindle-PartUndergraduate: Fu guoqiangSupervisor: Zhou wei Major: Mechanical Design, Manufacturing and
2、AutomationCollege of Mechanical EngineeringChongqing UniversityJune 2011摘要现在数控机床发展的基本趋势就是朝着高效、高精度、高速化方向发展。其中，现在数控机床目标最明确的一个方向就是高速化，而实现数控机床高速化的条件之一就是要提高主轴转速。同时主轴部件又是数控机床结构中最复杂的部件，其动态特性的好坏对机床的性能有着很大的影响。因此，主轴部件的动态特性显得十分重要。本文就对 CHK32 数控机床主轴部件进行一定的动态分析。具体研究内容如下首先简要介绍了相关的理论基础：主轴技术、模态分析原理以及有限元分析方法。同时也介绍了有限
3、元分析软件 ANSYS，为主轴部件的模态分析打下一定的理论基础。然后建立主轴箱三维模型，用 ANSYS 软件建立主轴箱有限元模型，然后进行模态分析，获得主轴箱的固有频率和振型图。对振型图进行分析，然后根据分析结果对主轴箱进行改进，提出了几种改进方案。建立主轴三维模型，然后建立有限元模型，再进行模态分析。得到主轴的固有频率和振型图，并对主轴振型图进行一定的分析。将主轴、主轴箱等进行装配得到主轴部件，建立主轴部件有限元模型，然后进行模态分析，得到主轴部件的固有频率和振型。对振型图的分析，为改进提供了依据和方向，同时为谐响应分析等奠定基础。关键词：关键词：主轴部件，有限元分析方法，模态分析，振型图A
4、BSTRACTHigh-efficiency, high-speed and high-accuracy are the trends in development of machine tool.Among them, high-speed is the most targeted direction of the development of machine tool. To achieve this goal, the speed of the spindle must be increased. The spindle-part is the complication part of
5、the tool machine, the dynamic characteristic of which is an important influence for the function of the tool machine. So the dynamic characteristic of spindle-part is extremely important.In the paper, it briefly introduces the related theory, such as technology of spindle, modal analysis and finite
6、element method. It also introduces ANSYS software, which lays a theoretical foundation for the model analysis of the spindle-part. The finite element model of headstock is established by using ANSYS software, after creating three-dimensional model of headstock, and then the modal frequency and modal
7、 shape characteristics are obtained by modal analysis. Improved schemes of headstock are suggested by the result of the modal analysis.In the same way, we can get the finite element model of the spindle, and get the modal frequency and modal shape characteristics of the spindle. Then we analyses the
8、 modal shape.The spindle-part can be got by assembling Spindle and headstock spindle. Then the finite element model of headstock is established by using ANSYS software, and then the modal frequency and modal shape characteristics are obtained by modal analysis. The Analysis of the results provides d
9、irection of the improve, as well as lays the foundation for harmonic response analysis.Keywords：Spindle-part, Modal Analysis, Finite Element Method, modal shape目录摘要 .I Abstract.II 1 绪论.11.1 课题背景和来源.11.2 国内外状况.11.2.1 国内数控机床主轴发展现状.11.2.2 国内外数控机床主轴研究状况.21.3 论文的主要研究内容.3 2 理论基础.42.1 主轴技术概述.42.1.1 轴的材料.42.1.2 轴直径的初步估算（最小直径计算）.52.1.3 轴的结构设计.52.1.4 轴的校核.62.2 模态分析理论简介.72.3 有限元理论和 ANSYS 软件简介.112.3.1 有限元分析方法简介.112.3.2 ANSYS 软件简介.13 3 主轴箱有限元模型及模态分析.153.1 主轴箱有限元模型.153.2 主轴箱模态分析.
