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1、科技英语写作常见语法错误 Subject-Verb Agreements Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses Dangling Modifiers （垂悬修饰语） Awkward Omissions of Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs1.Subject-Verb Agreements 例1 Application of this technique to studies on phytoplankton biomass and its environments are described. 说明 The subject is “a
2、pplication”, which is singular. Application of this technique to is described. 例2 Growth and isolation of M13 virus was described Growth and isolation of M13 virus were described. Exception A subject that is plural in form but singular in effect takes a singular verb. 例3 The name and address of each
3、 contributor is given on the title page. 例4 Research and development is attracting a growing number of young scientists. However, when two or more subjects are joined by “or”, the verb takes the number of the closest subject. Application or uses were noted. Uses or application was noted. Collective
4、nouns take a singular verb when the group as a whole is meant, they take a plural verb when individuals of the group are meant. The series is arranged in order of decreasing size. 说明 Refers to the series as a unit. A series of compounds were obtained. 说明 Refers to each compound. Experimental data th
5、at we obtained are compared with previously reported results. 说明 Refers to the data as individual results. After the data are distributed, we can meet to discuss them. After the data is distributed, we can meet to discuss it. 说明 Refers to the whole collection of data as one unit. None of the samples
6、 was soluble. None of the samples were soluble. 说明 Refers to individuals. This group of workers are well aware of their responsibilities. This group of workers is well aware of its responsibilities. 说明 Refers to the group as a unit. Units of measurement are treated as collective nouns and therefore
7、take a singular subject. The mixture was stirred, and 5 mL of diluent were added. The mixture was stirred, and 5 mL of diluent was added. Five grams of NaCl were added to the solution. Five grams of NaCl was added to the solution. Three weeks are needed to complete the experiment. Three weeks is nee
8、ded to complete the experiment. Compound subjects containing the words “each”, “every”, and “everybody” may take singular verbs. Each flask and each holder was sterilized before use. Both components of the compound subject must contain the words in question. Otherwise, the verb must be plural. Each
9、student and all of the professors were invited.2.Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses When a clause in a compound sentence is restrictive, the clause is necessary to the sense of the sentence, the sentence would become pointless without the clause. Restrictive clauses are best introduced by “that”
10、, not “which”. 必须 When a clause is nonrestrictive, it adds information, but the sentence does not lose its meaning if the clause is deleted. Nonrestrictive clause are introduced by “which” are set off by commas. 补充 限制性定语从句 It was necessary to find a blocking group which would react with the amino gr
11、oup but not with the hydroxyl. It was necessary to find a blocking group that would react with the amino group but not with the hydroxyl. 非限制性定语从句 The current-voltage curves, which are shown in Figure 6, clearly demonstrate the reversibility of all four processes. 不可用“that”3.Dangling Modifiers （垂悬修饰
12、语） One form of a dangling modifier is a verbal phrase that not refer clearly and logically to another word or phrase in the sentence. 隐含前后主语的一致性 Understanding the effect of substituents on the parent molecules, the ortho hydrogens could be assigned to the high-frequency peak. Understanding the effec
13、t of substituents on the parent molecules, we could assign the ortho hydrogens to the high-frequency peak. Using the procedure described previously, the partition function can be evaluated. The partition function can be evaluated by using the procedure described previously. Or, Using the procedure d
14、escribed previously, we can evaluate the partition function.4.Awkward Omissions of Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs Be sure that each subject in a compound sentence has the proper verbs and auxiliary verbs. The eluant was added to the column, and the samples collected in 10-mL increments. The eluant was ad
15、ded to the column, and the samples were collected in 10-mL increments.科技英语写作表达的几个问题1 简明2 富于变幻3 辨析近义词4 语法修辞及其他（1） 由which, that, where引出的从句（2） 不要在一个名词前用一串词进行修饰（3） 词序（4） 利用时态表示事件发生的先后关系（5） 介词 1) 与描写实验过程有关的介词2) 由相同介词引起的相互平行的对等结 构1 简明例 As can be seen from Fig.1, growth is rapid. Growth is rapid (Fig.1). Fig.1 shows that growth is rapid.As shown in Fig.1 Fig.1 shows The molar enthalpy of decomposition was determined to be 62.38 kJ/mol by means of thee third peak area in DSC curve.Th
