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1、Making Adaptation CountConcepts and Options for Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation1List of Boxes, Figures and Tables 2Acknowledgements 3Foreword 5Executive Summary 71. Concepts: Introduction to Adaptation M man- age for results; and maintain flexibility in the face of uncertainty
2、. Making Adaptation CountPrinciples of Adaptation M on the other hand, it must provide sufficient flexibility to be useful across the full range of adaptation activities and contexts. This guidance attempts to strike such a balance.M the adaptiveness of an intervention depends not upon the activitie
3、s undertaken, but rather, upon the relation- ship between the activities, the climate change context, and the vulnerability of the stakeholders targeted by the intervention. M?#?#?Y?#?!?“?#?Y?#?Z?Y?“?#?“#?#? adaptation to climate change. WOTRs monitoring has found that while the overall quantity of
4、rainfall in many regions has already begun to decrease, its watershed restoration efforts have collectively enabled an increase over the same period of time in the amount of water captured through the watershed. WOTR has also launched several integrated climate adaptation pilots that include agromet
5、rology, crop planning and management, water budgeting, water distribution, biodiversity initiatives, and market linkages. Lessons from monitoring these initiatives will be used to tailor the WOTR model to better support development under a changing climate.Making Adaptation CountIndigenous Knowledge
6、 baseWeather Data StorageAgro-met Advisory Rule BaseAgro-met Advisory GeneratorCompare and LearnRealityAgro-met advisoryImprove233. Steps and Options: Developing M results-based management; and the understanding that adaptation is a long-term pro- cess that requires flexibility.To develop an M?Y?/?
7、Government through KfW Entwicklungsbank will focus on Northeast India. The Indo-German North East Climate Change Adaptation Program (NECCAP), ?#;?Y?#?#?Z?#? measures to improve the adaptive capacity of vulnerable rural people and increase the resilience of land-use practices and ecosystems.Three mai
8、n outputs are envisaged:(1) development and implementation of an effective selection and planning process for adequate adapta- tion measures, (2) implementation of individual “adaptation actions” (i.e. direct-risk reduction and vulnerability reduction), and (3) policy mainstreaming of successful mod
9、els.These steps can be used for various ends. Development practitioners can deploy them to develop an M?#? provided the basis for the innovative aspects of the program:* the selection and prioritization of districts for pro- gram implementation according to their vulnerability to impacts of climate
10、change, and * the selection and prioritization of program activi- ties regarding their potential to increase adaptive capacities. ?Y?Z?$?$?Y? ?Y?“? implementation, based upon vulnerability ranking and low adaptive capacity. Change in precipitation levels* top: annual; * right: monsoon seasonIncrease
11、 in temperature2021-2050, Baseline: 1975; HadCM3 (RCM), A1BSource: Ravindranath et al. 201029 N28.5 N28 N27.5 N27 N26.5 N26 N25.5 N25 N24.5 N24 N23.5 N23 N22.5 N29 N28.5 N28 N27.5 N27 N26.5 N26 N25.5 N25 N24.5 N24 N23.5 N23 N22.5 N302520151050-5-10-15-2089E 90E 91E 92E 93E 94E89E 90E 91E 92E 93E 94E
12、 95E 96E 97E30252015105026Making Adaptation CountEast. State governments will set up project management units to coordinate and implement activities across affected line departments. The Regional Society will be responsible for technical steering and for screening and allocating funding for state pr
13、oposals. It will also ?“#?#?Y;?#? for implementing impact monitoring. In addition, it will deploy screening criteria and guidelines for the design or redesign of proposals for projects and sub-projects from states and, where required, will assist states in redesigning projects and sub-projects. Fina
14、lly, indicators to measure impacts toward the programs goal will include: * aggregated indicators for the adaptive capacity of tar- ?Y?- come, reduction of share of population below poverty line in spite of climate change); * sectoral indicators (e.g. increased agricultural pro- ductivity and water availability, improved natural re- ?“?Z? ?Z?#?#?* indicators to measure the NECCAP contribution to the objectives of State-Level Action Plans on Climate Change (proportion of achievements realized through NECCAP); and* indicators measuring the struc
