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1、Lesson 17 Oil Separator 第 17 课分油机1. To ensure good combustion in diesel engines and reduce wear and corrosion in the engine, it may be necessary to remove certain impurities from fuel and lubricating oil. When impurities are suspended solids or immiscible liquids, they can be removed reasonably succ
2、essfully by one or more of a number of methods. The methods used at sea are: heating to allow separation of water present, coarse and fine filtering to remove solid particles and also centrifuging. Of these three methods centrifuging is the most widely used. 1.为确保柴油机的良好燃烧和减少磨损与腐蚀，需要去除燃油和滑油中的某些杂质。当杂质
3、是悬浮固体或不溶性液体时，可以通过一种或多种方法将其相当成功地除掉。航行中常用的方法有 :加热以分离出油中存在的水分，粗、细过滤以除去固体颗粒，以及离心分离。上述三种方法中，离心分离法应用最广。2. For many years marine centrifuges were designed for batch operation, that is, the machines were run for a period during which solids accumulated in the bowl. The machine was stopped when the accumulat
4、ed solids began to impair its performance and the solids were removed. Batch centrifuging is still commonly used especially for lubricating oil purification, but many machines capable of continuous or semi-continuous sludge discharge are now at sea. 2.多年以来，船用离心机一直设计为间歇操作式，即在离心机持续运行时间内，固体杂质存贮在分离筒内。 当
5、杂质积累到要削弱其性能时，离心机要停止工作，进行排渣。间歇式离心分离仍然被广泛使用，尤其是在滑油的净化方面，但是许多能够连续排渣或半连续排渣的离心机现在也在船上使用。3. The centrifugal separator is used to separate two liquids, for example oil and water, or a liquid and solids as in contaminated oil. Separation is speeded up by the use of a centrifuge and can be arranged as a cont
6、inuous process. Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate two liquids, it is known as a “purifier”. Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate impurities and small amounts of water from oil it is known as a “clarifier”.3.离心式分离机用来分离两种液体，如油和水 ;或者用来分离液体和固体，如污油。 使用分离机可加快分离速度，且可将分离安排成一个连续的过程。当分油机用来分离两种液
7、体时，叫作“分水机” (见图 17-1)。当分油机用来分离油中的杂质和少量水时，叫作“分杂机”。4. A centrifuge consists of an electric motor drive to a vertical shaft on the top of which is mounted the bowl assembly. An outer framework surrounds the assembly and carries the various feed and discharge connections. The bowl can be a solid assembly
8、 which retains the separated sludge and operates non-continuously, or the bowl can be arranged so that the upper and lower parts separate and the sludge can be discharged while the centrifuge operates continuously. 4.离心分油机由驱动立轴的电动机和在此立轴上端安装的分离筒组件组成。分离筒组件外是机壳， 机壳上带有各种供给和排放接头。分离筒可以是整体式的，它将分离出来的油渣保留在其中
9、，并以不连续的方式运行。分离筒也可以制成上、下分开式的， 在离心机不间断地运行时，油渣可以排出。 5. The liquid is fed into the stack either from the outer edge of the discs or via distribution holes towards the periphery of the discs depending on the make of the machine, and flows along the spaces between adjacent plates. The plates then act as a
10、n extended settling surface, the heavy phase particles passing through the light phase and impinging on the under surfaces of the discs. Once the particles have impinged on the disc surfaces they are able to accumulate and eventually slide along the discs towards the periphery. At the periphery of t
11、he disc the water globules and solid particles leave the stack. The heavier solid particles pass t o the bowl wall, and the water is sandwiched between the solids and the oil, which orientates itself towards the bowl center. The boundaries at which substances meet are known as interfaces. 5.液体根据分离机的
12、不同型号通过分离盘的外边缘或分离盘外周边的分配孔进入分离盘，沿着相邻的分离盘流动。这些分离盘充当了延伸的沉淀面，重质颗粒穿过轻质成分，冲击分离盘的下表面。 一旦颗粒撞击到分离盘下表面，就会聚积并最终沿分离盘滑移到外围水珠和固体颗粒从分离盘的外周离开分离盘组。较重的固体颗粒到达分离筒壁，水分被夹拍固体和油之间并自动流向分离筒中央。各类物质相接的边界叫作分界面。6. The mechanical design of the centrifuge requires that the interface is confined within certain strict limits. To gain
13、 the fullest advantage from the disc stack the interface should be located outside of it. On the other hand if the interface is located outside the water outlet baffle (top disc) discharge of oil in the water phase will take place. Factors influencing the interface position are: 6.离心机的机械设计要求分界面限定在一个
14、严格的范围内。为从分离盘组获得最佳的分离效果，分界面应位于分离盘的外侧。另一方面，如果分界面位于出水口挡板(顶端分离盘 )的外部，水中可能会有油排出。影响分界面位置的因素有: ? Oil viscosity and density. A high oil density will position the interface closer to the bowl periphery than will a low density. 油的黏度和密度。高密度的油和低密度的油相比，会使分界面更靠近分离筒边缘。 ? Throughput and back pressure. As a rule, th
15、e interface will be located closer to the bowl periphery at a high throughput than at a low one. The same effect is produced by a high back pressure, and a low one respectively, in the clean oil outlet. 分油量和背压。 作为常规， 大分油量会使分界面比小分油量更靠近分离筒边缘。净油出口的背压会分别产生同样的效果。? Gravity disc. The location of the interf
16、ace is adjusted by altering the outlet for the water, i. e. exchanging the gravity disc. Changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the bowl periphery, whereas a disc with smaller hole diameter will position the interface closer to the bowl center. 比重环。 油水分界面的定位可通过改变出水口即更换比重环调节。更换大口径的比重环将使分界面移向分离筒边缘，相反，小口径比重环将使分界面移向分离筒中心。7. Normally a table is provided with the machine, giving the disc diameter required for purif
