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1、117Natl Oceanic and Atmospheric Adm., CommercePt. 922land either from a surface and/or subsurface source. 1. Surface water: This is water flowing over the ground in the form of streams. Local var- iation in runoff is dependent upon the nature of the soil (porosity and solubility), degree of surface
2、slope, vegetational type and develop- ment, local climatic conditions, and volume and intensity of precipitation. 2. Subsurface water: This refers to the pre- cipitation that has been absorbed by the soil and stored below the surface. The distribu- tion of subsurface water depends on local cli- mate
3、, topography, and the porosity and per- meability of the underlying soils and rocks. There are two main subtypes of surface water: a. Vadose water: This is water in the soil above the water table. Its volume with re- spect to the soil is subject to considerable fluctuation. b. Groundwater: This is w
4、ater contained in the rocks below the water table, is usually of more uniform volume than vadose water, and generally follows the topographic relief of the land being high hills and sloping into valleys. GROUPIIICHEMICAL A. Salinity. This reflects a complex mixture of salts, the most abundant being
5、sodium chloride, and is a very critical factor in the distribution and maintenance of many estua- rine organisms. Based on salinity, there are two basic estuarine types and eight different salinity zones (expressed in parts per thou- sand-ppt.) 1. Positive estuary: This is an estuary in which the fr
6、eshwater influx is sufficient to maintain mixing, resulting in a pattern of increasing salinity toward the estuary mouth. It is characterized by low oxygen concentration in the deeper waters and con- siderable organic content in bottom sedi- ments. 2. Negative estuary: This is found in par- ticularl
7、y arid regions, where estuary evapo- ration may exceed freshwater inflow, result- ing in increased salinity in the upper part of the basin, especially if the estuary mouth is restricted so that tidal flow is inhibited. These are typically very salty (hyperhaline), moderately oxygenated at depth, and
8、 possess bottom sediments that are poor in organic content. 3. Salinity zones (expressed in ppt): a. Hyperhalinegreater than 40 ppt. b. Euhaline40 ppt to 30 ppt. c. Mixhaline30 ppt to 0.5 ppt. (1) Mixoeuhalinegreater than 30 ppt but less than the adjacent euhaline sea. (2) Polyhaline30 ppt to 18 ppt
9、. (3) Mesohaline18 ppt to 5 ppt. (4) Oligohaline5 ppt to 0.5 ppt. d. Limnetic: Less than 0.5 ppt. B. pH Regime: This is indicative of the min- eral richness of estuarine waters and falls into three main categories: 1. Acid: Waters with a pH of less than 5.5. 2. Circumneutral: A condition where the p
10、H ranges from 5.5 to 7.4. 3. Alkaline: Waters with a pH greater than 7.4.PART 922NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULA- TIONSSubpart AGeneralSec. 922.1Applicability of regulations. 922.2Mission, goals, and special policies. 922.3Definitions. 922.4Effect of National Marine Sanctuary designation.Su
11、bpart BSite Evaluation List (SEL)922.10General.Subpart CDesignation of National Marine Sanctuaries922.20Standards and procedures for designa- tion. 922.21Selection of active candidates. 922.22Development of designation mate- rials. 922.23Coordination with States and other Federal agencies. 922.24Con
12、gressional documents. 922.25Designation determination and find- ings.Subpart DManagement Plan Development and Implementation922.30General. 922.31Promotion and coordination of Sanc- tuary use.Subpart ERegulations of General Applicability922.40Purpose. 922.41Boundaries. 922.42Allowed activities. 922.4
13、3Prohibited or otherwise regulated ac- tivities. 922.44Emergency regulations. 922.45Penalties. 922.46Response costs and damages. 922.47Pre-existing authorizations or rights and certifications of pre-existing author- izations or rights. 922.48National Marine Sanctuary permits application procedures a
14、nd issuance cri- teria. VerDate jul2003 20:34 Jan 18, 2004Jkt 203049PO 00000Frm 00117Fmt 8010Sfmt 8010Y:SGML203049T.XXX203049T11815 CFR Ch. IX (1104 Edition)Pt. 922922.49Notification and review of applica- tions for leases, licenses, permits, ap- provals, or other authorizations to con- duct a prohi
15、bited activity. 922.50Appeals of administrative action.Subpart FMonitor National Marine Sanctuary922.60Boundary. 922.61Prohibited or otherwise regulated ac- tivities. 922.62Permit procedures and criteria.Subpart GChannel Islands National Marine Sanctuary922.70Boundary. 922.71Prohibited or otherwise
16、regulated ac- tivities. 922.72Permit procedures and criteria. APPENDIXA TOSUBPARTG OFPART922 CHANNELISLANDSNATIONALMARINE SANCTUARYBOUNDARYCOORDINATESSubpart HGulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary922.80Boundary. 922.81Definitions. 922.82Prohibited or otherwise regulated ac- tivities. 922.83Permit procedures and criteria. 922.84Certification of other permits. APPENDIXA TOSU
