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1、Active Learning 积极主动的学习“将积极主动的学习更多的投入到加强 方法和技巧性的发展中，而不只是知识信息的传输”“Active learning puts more emphasis on process and skill development than on transmission of information”讨论: 3 分钟 想你的老师: n第一组: “不好” 的老师有什么特点?n第二组:“好” 的老师有什么特点? n教育是一个主动的过程Education is an active process:老师可能是主动的；学生必须主动Teacher may be acti
2、ve; Learner MUST be active老师必须控制这个过程和环境The teacher must manipulate the process and the environment我们应当尽可能的在教育方面特别是 高等教育的高级认知和其他的技能学习 上提高认识，因此要确保学生能高质量 的完成以下项目 As far as possible in education especially higher education we should be promoting learning where higher order cognitive and other skills are
3、 learnt - therefore try to ensure students are performing at the upper levels of the following hierarchy -大学生适合提升更高层次的思维 Promoting higher order thinking appropriate to university students!布鲁姆教育目标分类学 Blooms taxonomy of educational objectives知识 Knowledge对先前学习过的材料的记忆，包括对具 体事实、方法、过程、概念和 原理的回忆 。这是最低水平的认知
4、学习结果领悟 Comprehension把握所学材料的意义。代表最低水平的 理解应用 Application讲所学材料应用于新的情景之中，包 括概念、规则、方法、规律和理论的应 用。应用代表高水平的理解分析 Analysis讲整体材料分解成其构成成分，并理 解其组织结构，包括对要素的分析、关 系的分析和组织原理的分析综合 Synthesis将所学的零碎知识整合为知识系统评价 Evaluation对材料作价值判断的能力，包括按材料 内在的标准或外在的标准进行价值判断。 这是最高水平的认知学习结果SUPERFICIAL learning 表浅的学习DEEP learning 深层次的学习本质的 F
5、actual相关的 Relational外延的 Extended识别 Identify比较 Compare创造 Create复习 Recall对比 Contrast评论 Criticize描述 Describe解释 Explain设计 Design目录 List分析 Analyze理论化 Theorize组合 Combine理解 Interpret概括 Generalize运用 Apply 假设 Hypothesize 反思 Reflect学期任务Assignment terms 分析Analyse详细研究一个论题的组成以及他们之间有何关联Examine in detail the eleme
6、nts of a topic and how they relate to each other运用Apply运用特有的知识或者概念来解决问题Make use of specific knowledge or concepts to solve a problem比较Compare表现事物的相同和不同Show how things are alike or not alike对比Contrast显示事物间重要的区别show the important difference between things解释Explain给论题一个明确的含义Give the meaning of a topic
7、clearly概括Generalise从一定数量的事实中提取总的结论Draw a general conclusion from a number of facts假设Hypothesise提出一个可以作为进一步研究的出发点的观念Propose an idea which can be used as a starting point for further study建议Recommend建议基于现有资料批判性的评价出什么是合适 的Suggest what is appropriate to do base on a critical evaluation of available info
8、rmation有关联Relate观点是相互联系的Show that the ideas are connected to each other反思Reflect用过去的经验理解一些新的东西Show new understanding of something by studying past experience理论化Theorise艺术或者科学的一般性原则Form general principles of an art or scienceBlooms Taxonomy 布鲁姆教育目标分类学 3 Areas of learningnCognitive认知nAffective / emoti
9、onal情绪 nPsychomotor动手/ 执行关于这个班的计划我们是怎么想的？ What do you think about this class plan? (handout)1.请分析这个计划Please analyze the plan 2.请思考属于你的培训班计划Please reflect on your own class plans使积极学习失效的五点原因 Five Good Reasons for Avoiding Active Learningn1. 因为积极学习而消耗的时间可能不得不牺牲掉 课程内容Course content would have to be sac
10、rificed because active learning is time consumingn2. 学生将会抗拒非讲座形式的方法而使得学生的 等级评分下降Students will resist non-lecture approaches and my student ratings will falln积极主动的学习将比讲课本身需要更多的时间去准备More preparation time is required for active learning than for straight lecturen聘请的专家和学生不能期望他们互相学习I am hired as the expe
11、rt and students should not be expected to learn from each othern大班不利于积极学习策略传导的必要性，应当以讲座的形式进行Large size classes are not conductive to active learning strategies they should involve a higher level of thinking; there may well be more of them; and they can be a useful basis for further private study.互动讲
12、义 Interactive handouts用完整的幻灯片副本或者投影仪给出的片子 来代替缺失的部分。这可能是数学的，公 式的，描述的，分析的等。学生们需要用 来完整他们的资料。有效的解决课堂问题Instead of providing complete copies of the PowerPoint slides or OHPs give out sheets with various parts missing. These could be mathematical, formulaic, descriptive, analytical, and so on. The students
13、 need to complete the materials for them to be useful. Good for in class problem solving.快速问答 Quick quiz在课堂上对资料范围内的内容任意进行 快速问答。这也能够采取小组或个人 能够迅速准确完整地练习解决问题的 形式During a class or randomly have a quick quiz on the material just covered. This could also take the form of a problem solving exercise and gro
14、ups or individuals can compete for speed and accuracy.转化 transforming以一组数据或是信息转化成另一种形式 。例如一个特性列表能被转化成活动 的指令Take a set of data or information and transform it into another form. For example a list of characteristics could be transformed into a set of action statements. 问题的发生和解决 Problem generation and
15、 solving (fears/ problems in the box)个人或团体考虑的课题，问题，过程，案例 等，并提出问题或困难。每个人或小组将 写了问题的纸折叠并放入盒子中。然后将 问题重新分配由其他人解决Individuals or groups consider a topic, issue, process, case, etc and raise problems or difficulties. Each person or group write the problem on pieces of paper which are folded and put into a box. The problems are then redistributed and solved by others and shared.真或假？ True or False?n“通过6分钟内的讨论学生学到更多的”n“Talk 6 minutes less and students learn more”
