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1、生物復育應用生物復育應用Biodegradation and BioremediationBiodegradation and Bioremediation by Martin Alexander, 1999by Martin Alexander, 1999- - - - Chapter 15 InoculationChapter 15 InoculationChapter 15 InoculationChapter 15 Inoculation - - - -2007/3/52/11BioaugmentationBioaugmentationMany synthetic compounds
2、persist for some time in these same environments, even though these molecules are biodegradable, and the question has been asked whether inoculation might appreciably enhance the decomposition of these compounds生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation2/112007/3/53/11Microorganis
3、ms acting on certain pollutants are absent from particular sitesInoculation may markedly reduce the acclimation periodInoculation may be necessary because conditions at the site preclude members of resident community from functioning rapidly接種之作用接種之作用接種之作用接種之作用生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文
4、 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation3/112007/3/54/11接種時機接種時機接種時機接種時機If there is an indigenous flora capable of carrying out theIf there is an indigenous flora capable of carrying out the reaction, conditions favor its multiplication, and rapidreaction, conditions favor its multiplication, and rapid destruction is
5、 not essential, additions ofdestruction is not essential, additions of inoculainocula are notare not neededneededPersistent of oil is not a consequence of the absence ofPersistent of oil is not a consequence of the absence of organisms but rather the absence of the full set of conditionsorganisms bu
6、t rather the absence of the full set of conditions necessary for the resident species to function rapidlynecessary for the resident species to function rapidlyThe addition of soil with a large population of hydrocarbonThe addition of soil with a large population of hydrocarbon degraders to soil fres
7、hly contaminated with oil reduced thedegraders to soil freshly contaminated with oil reduced the acclimation periodacclimation period生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation4/112007/3/55/11As indicated earlier, it is important to distinguish between microorganisms added to, or a
8、llowed to grow in, engineered systems and those added to natural environmentsThe record of success in “ engineering system” is goodIn contrast, the record of success in enhancing biodegradation in soils, aquifers, and surface water in situ is spottyThe usual way of obtaining a population for subsequ
9、ent inoculation is to prepare an enrichment cultureSuccessesSuccesses生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation5/116/11成功的例子成功的例子成功的例子成功的例子These studies have centered on pesticides and eitherThese studies have centered on pesticides and either oil or specific hydrocarbon constitue
10、nts of oiloil or specific hydrocarbon constituents of oilSuch studies are commonly carried out with 10 toSuch studies are commonly carried out with 10 to 30g of soil in depths of no more than a few30g of soil in depths of no more than a few centimeters, a method that must be kept in mind incentimete
11、rs, a method that must be kept in mind in extrapolation to fields where the depths of concernextrapolation to fields where the depths of concern are measured in meters and the adequate mixing ofare measured in meters and the adequate mixing of inoculainocula with soil is difficultwith soil is diffic
12、ult生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation2007/3/57/11Inoculation has also been reported to result in the destruction of organic chemicals in natural watersThe effect of an inoculum is evident even when the concentration of the organic compound is low; addition of a benzoate-ut
13、ilizing bacterium to lake water stimulates the rate of biodegradation of benzoateFig 15.1Inoculation生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation2007/3/58/11Fig 15.1 Mineralization of 1mg of 4-nitrophenol per liter in uninoculated lake water and of 26g, 100g, and 1mg of 4-nitrophenol
14、 per liter in lake water inoculated with Corynebacterium sp.生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation2007/3/59/11失敗的原因失敗的原因失敗的原因失敗的原因 1/21/2Limiting nutrientsMicrobial community compete the “ inorganic nutrients”Low conc. of “ inorganic nutrients”Suppression by predators and para
15、sitesWhen conc. of substrate KS 菌生長速率慢菌生長速率慢Inability of bacteria to move appreciably through soilUse of other C sourcesWhen conc. of substrate 7Soil: 7SalinityOcean/estuaries more saline than inland waterSome soil rich saltToxinsSynthetic inhibitors失敗的原因失敗的原因失敗的原因失敗的原因 2/22/2生物復育應用生物復育應用大葉大學大葉大學 環境工程學系環境工程學系林啟文林啟文 副教授副教授h15 Inoculation10/11Thank youThank youThank youThank youI know nothing except the fact of my ignorance.Socrates
