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1、华侨大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 摘摘 要要 自从 70 年代提出结构控制的概念以来，工程结构的被动耗能减振、主动和半主动控制的研究和应用取得了很大的进展；但长期以来，工程结构的振动控制还是主要以被动耗能减振为主，而理论上具有较好控制效果的主动和半主动控制由于缺乏有效的低能耗、快速响应的控制装置而受到限制；近年来取得长足发展的具有屈服应力大，响应速度快、能耗低、显著的流变效应、对污染不敏感等特点的智能材料磁流变液，使工程结构的主动和半主动控制的实现具有了新的希望，因此磁流变阻尼器也就被认为是最有潜力的减振装置，它的研究和开发逐渐成为各国学者和工程技术人员追踪的热点，磁流变液也逐渐成为减振阻尼器的首
2、选材料。 本文根据磁流变减振和橡胶减振各自的特点，设计出一种磁流变橡胶减振器，并介绍了磁流变效应，阻尼器系统理论，设计方法，实验研究和阻尼器的动力学模型。本文主要从以下几个方面入手： 第一章主要介绍了磁流变技术以及其工程应用和国内外研究概况，并提出了磁流变橡胶减振器的概念以及它的应用前景；同时提出本文的研究目的和研究内容。 第二章至第五章主要介绍了磁流变橡胶减振器及其测试装置的设计方法， 根据磁流变阻尼器工作模式，利用磁路中的欧姆定律和动态磁路设计原理结合压路机减振的技术要求和结构特点，提出了基于剪切模式和流动模式共同作用混合工作模式的磁流变阻尼器设计原理，讨论了阻尼器动态磁路设计中的若干技术
3、问题，根据流体力学方程， 分别利用 Newton 流体特性和 Bingham 流体特性， 推导了基于平板模型和轴对称模型的运动方程，得出了阻尼器阻尼力的计算方法；运动方程表明，改变阻尼通道的磁场强度可以控制磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力，从理论上分析了磁路参数和阻尼通道的结构参数对磁流变阻尼器阻尼力的影响。 第六章通过实验验证，磁流变减振器的阻尼力随着励磁电流的增大而增大。实验证实了磁流变减振器的阻尼力是可控可调的。 第七章是结论与展望，总结了本文所取得的主要研究成果，指出了磁流变橡胶减-I- 华侨大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 振器的一些不足及结构改进措施。 关键词关键词：磁流变液，磁流变橡胶减振器，磁路，
4、特性 -II- 华侨大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 Abstract Over the past three decades, a great deal of interest has been generated regarding the use of structural protective systems to mitigate the effects of dynamic environmental hazards on civil engineering structures. These systems usually employ supplemental damping devi
5、ces to increase the energy dissipation capability of the protected structure. One of the most promising new devices proposed for structural protection is magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers. MR fluids, characterized by a dynamic yield stress in the presence of a magnetic field, have been viewed as
6、 a kind of important actuating material in intelligent structures of MR fluid dampers. Due to their virtues of fast response, low energy dissipation, outstanding rheological effect, less sensitive to contaminants and stability in temperature, MR fluids have been proposed for wide variety of vibratio
7、n dampers for active damping. In view of MR fluid damping techniques and rubber damping techniques, some MR-rubber damping techniques, including system theory, experimental investigation, design method, manufacture technique, and models of the dampers, etc. have been presented in this dissertation.
8、This dissertation are divided into seven chapters: The purpose and significance of this study are expounded in the first chapter. The application prospect and development tendency of MR fluids and MR devices in the domain of engineering have been pointed out, on the basis of systematically summarizi
9、ng of state of MR devices and MR technique. In view of existing state of MR techniques, the goals and contents of this dissertation have been put forward briefly. In the next four chapters, according to the working modes of MR devices, combining the ohms law of magnetic circuit and the design theory
10、 of non-steady magnetic circuit, magnetic structures of the MR damper have been worked out. To emulate the performance of conventional shock absorber, a MR-rubber damper and its testing devices were designed and fabricated. An applied magnetic field increase the yield stress of MR fluids -III- 华侨大学硕
11、士学位论文 摘 要 in flow annular passages, which alters the velocity profile of MR fluid in the passages and raise the pressure gradient between low cavity and high one at some given flow rates. The motion equations, derived from equation in hydromechanics employing the Newtonian fluid model and the Bingha
12、m plastic model, demonstrate that damping force can be controlled by changing the magnetic field in the gaps. In the sixth chapter, the performances of MR-rubber dampers designed and fabricated at Huaqiao University have been tested in Lab, including schematics of electric current of the coil vs. di
13、splacement of piston head, electric current of the coil vs. power spectrum of damper, etc. for some given frequences of vibration. The experimental results demonstrate that damping force offered by MR damper increases with the increase of electric current of the coil. Some conclusions and prospects
14、are given in the last chapter. The main achievements of the dissertation are summed up and some directions of future improvement about structure of MR rubber damper are pointed out. Key words: MR fluid, MR-rubber damper, Magnetic circuit, Characteristics -IV- 原创性声明 原创性声明 本人声明兹呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下完成的研究成果
15、。论文写作中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究内容，如参考他人或集体的科研成果，均在论文中以明确的方式说明。本人依法享有和承担由此论文所产生的权利和责任。 学位论文作者签名： 日期： 学位论文版权使用授权声明 学位论文版权使用授权声明 本人同意授权华侨大学有权保留并向国家机关或机构送交学位论文和磁盘，允许学位论文被查阅和借阅。 论文作者签名： 指导教师签名： 签 名 日 期： 签 名 日 期： 华侨大学硕士学位论文 第 1 章 引 言 第第 1 章章 引引 言言 1.1 磁流变技术简介磁流变技术简介 磁流变液（MRF: Magnetorheological Fluids）是一种在外加磁场作用下流变特性发生急剧变化的智能材料1。其基本特征：在强磁场作用下能在瞬间（毫秒级）从自由流动的液体转变为半固体，呈现可控的屈服强度，且变化可逆。磁场对磁流变液的粘度、塑性和粘弹性等特性的影响称为磁流变效应2。 磁流变液是当前智能材料研究范畴的一个重要分支， 在汽车、 机械、 航空、 建筑、医疗等领域具有
