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1、摘要目前温度控制在工业生产中和实验室里的运用非常广泛，其控制过程中存在着很大的时滞性和很强的干扰性。能否成功地将温度控制在所需的范围内关系到整个活动的成败。由于控制对象的多样性和复杂性, 导致采用的温控手段的多样性。在诸多温度控制中，电加热炉是典型工业过程控制对象，其温度控制具有升温单向性，大惯性，纯滞后，时变性等特点，很难用数学方法建立精确的模型和确定参数。而PID控制因其成熟，容易实现，并具有可消除稳态误差的优点，在大多数情况下可以满足系统性能要求，但其性能取决于参数的整定情况。且快速性和超调量之间存在矛盾，使其不一定满足快速升温、超调小的技术要求。模糊控制在快速性和保持较小的超调量方面有
2、着自身的优势，但其理论并不完善，算法复杂，控制过程会存在稳态误差。 将模糊控制算法引入传统的加热炉控制系统构成智能模糊控制。本文主要探讨常规PID温度控制理论研究，把理论基础、实验数据和数学模型结合起来，通过系统建模、参数校正、参数整定和仿真方案的分析，并通过系统的软硬件方法的实现设计出一套行之有效的PID温度控制算法。关键词：温度控制;PID 控制规律;PID 算法;校正;整定;仿真。ABSTRACTNowadays temperature control has been widely used in the industrial processes and the labs，with l
3、arge time lag and big disturb in its control processes. Whether we can successfully control temperature or not in needed area has a big impact on our whole design. As the diversity and complexity of the controlled object, which results in the diversity of the way of the temperature control. Among ma
4、ny temperature controls, electric heating furnace is a typical model in the industrial process controls, its temperature control has heat unidirectional, big inertia, pure lag and time varying denaturalization and so on, we can hardly create accurate patterns and parameters with mathematics methods.
5、 Moreover, the PID control being mature that can be easily carried out, has the merit of wiping out a steady state error, can satisfy a system performance request under the majority of condition, but its performance is decided by tuning parameters. Having the conflict between rapidness and super adj
6、ust cant make it necessary to satisfy the technique request of quickly heat and a small super adjust. The fuzzy control has its advantages of rapidness and keeping a small super adjust, but its theory is imperfect and arithmetic complex, control process will exist a steady state error. Leading the f
7、uzzy control algorithm into the traditional heating furnace control system composes the intelligent fuzzy control.This text is mainly discussed about routine PID temperature control theory research, putting theoretical basis, experiment data and mathematical models together. According to the modeled
8、 system 、corrected parameter 、settled parameter and simulation project, we can design a set of effective PID temperature control algorithms through the realize of software and hardware systems.Keyword: temperature control; the rule of PID control; PID algorithm; corrected; tuning; simulation. 目录摘要IA
9、BSTRACTII目录III1 绪论11.1 引言11.2 温度控制技术的状况11.3 炉温控制技术的概况21.4 炉温控制技术的方式31.4.1 PID 控制算法在温度控制中的应用及发展31.4.2 智能 PID 温度控制的应用及发展41.5 炉温控制的要求与品质指标51.6 课题研究的内容72 PID 控制原理及参数整定82.1 PID 控制原理理论82.1.1 PID 控制算法对温度的影响82.1.2 PID 控制算法的介绍82.1.3 PID 控制算法规律122.2 PID 控制算法的参数整定133 PID 炉温控制器的设计153.1 系统的总体描述153.2 硬件系统设计163.3 控制系统设计
