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1、原油蒸馏装置常压塔控制系统设计原油蒸馏装置常压塔控制系统设计摘摘 要要DCS 在我国炼油厂应用已有 15 年历史，有 20 多家炼油企业安装使用了不同型号的 DCS，对常减压装置、催化裂化装置、催化重整装置、加氢精制、油品调合等实施过程控制和生产管理。其中有十几套 DCS 用于原油蒸馏，多数是用于常减压装置的单回路控制和前馈、串级、选择、比值等复杂回路控制。有几家炼油厂开发并实施了先进控制策略。下面介绍 DCS 用原油蒸馏生产过程的主要控制回路和先进控制软件的开发和应用情况。辽河原油属于低硫中间基原油，含环烷酸多根据原油的性质、特点和市场的需求主要生产重整汽油、航空煤油、轻柴油、重柴油、混合蜡
2、油、渣油等。装置由原油电脱盐、常减压蒸馏、渣油减粘裂化、航煤精制部分组成。根据加工含环烷酸原油的特点，结合加工含环烷酸原油的经验，优化了设备选型及选材，采用了目前最先进技术既初馏塔、常压塔塔盘为 ADV 高效塔盘。减压塔采用规整填料，处理物料能力大，汽、液接触均匀，传质效果较好。以实现装置长周期运行。高温部位设备和管线全部采用不锈钢材质，以达到防腐的目的。初顶、常顶用空冷代替水冷，节约了用水量，也减少了三废处理量。 常压塔设顶循环回流和二个中段回流，以使塔内汽、液相负荷分布均匀，提高塔的处理能力，减小塔顶冷凝器的负荷。为了降低减压塔内真空高度，提高沸点，减压塔采用二级抽真空器。即蒸汽喷射泵和水
3、环抽真空泵。在采用新工艺新设备的同时优化了工艺流程，为了节能常压系统采用 4 台空冷器，为增加处理量常压炉四路进料四路出。为使相当数量的中间馏分得到合理利用，因为它们是很多的二次加工原料，又能从中生产国民经济所需的各种润滑油、蜡、沥青的原料。因此本设计采用三段汽化蒸馏，即预汽化常压蒸馏减压蒸馏。关键词：关键词：原油；常减压蒸馏塔；控制系统。原油；常减压蒸馏塔；控制系统。Crude oil distillation unit atmospheric tower control system design AbstractAbstractDCS in our refinery applicatio
4、n for 15 years history, has more than 20 refining enterprise installed the different types of DCS, often relief devices, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming device, hydrotreating, oil products to attune, the implementation of process control and production management. There are more than ten set
5、s of DCS for crude oil distillation, majority is used for often of pressure-relief device single loop control and feedforward, cascade, selection, such complex loop control. The ratio Several refineries in the development and implementation of the advanced control strategy. Here with crude oil disti
6、llation process of DCS the main control circuit and advanced control software development and application situation.Liaohe oil belong to low sulphur crude oil, including among the naphthenic acid more according to the nature of the crude oil, characteristics and the demand of the market main product
7、ion reforming gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, heavy diesel, light mixed wax, directness, etc. Device by oil electricity desalination, often vacuum distillation, reduce glue residue cracking, and HangMei refined parts. According to processing including the naphthenic acid crude oil, combined with the
8、 naphthenic acid crude oil processing experience, optimize the selection of equipment and material, and adopted the most advanced technology, atmospheric distillation tower early both tata dish for ADV efficient tray. The reduced pressure tower neat padding materials handled, ability, air, liquid co
9、ntact even, mass transfer effect is good. In order to realize the long period operation device. High temperature parts equipment and piping all adopt the stainless steel material, in order to achieve anticorrosive purpose. First, often be of top air cooling water, saving water instead of, also reduc
10、ed the capacity of “three wastes“. Atmospheric tower set top cycle and two middle backflow backflow, in order to make the tower in steam, liquid loading distribution uniformity, improve the processing power, reduce the tower top condenser load. In order to reduce the reduced pressure the tower in he
11、ight, improve the boiling point vacuum, vacuum pumping, the reduced pressure tower is secondary. Namely steam injection pump and water ring smoke vacuum pump.In the new process of new equipment and optimize the process, in order to energy saving atmospheric system USES four units of air tanks to inc
12、rease capacity, atmospheric pressure furnace four ways of incoming four the road.To make a number of the middle of the fractions get reasonable use, because they are a lot of secondary processing raw material, and national economy from production all kinds of wax, lubricating oil, asphalt material.
13、So this design USES the three sections of vaporization, namely the vaporization distillation-atmospheric distillation-vacuum distillation.Keywords: crude oil; often vacuum distillation tower; Control system.目录目录摘要 英文摘要 第一章 绪论1第二章 工艺流程设计32.1 原料油性质及产品性质32.1.1 原料油性质、来源32.1.2 产品性质32.2 工艺流程32.2.1 原油换热系统4
14、2.2.2 常压系统42.2.3 减压系统4第三章 常减压装置主要控制回路 63.1 加压炉63.2 常压塔、减压塔中段回流热负荷控制73.3 提交加热炉效率的控制73.3.1 炉膛压力控制73.3.2 烟道气氧含量控制73.4 加热炉出口温度控制73.5 常压塔解耦控制 8第四章 原油蒸馏先进控制 84.1 DCS 的控制结构层84.2 原油蒸馏的先进控制策略94.2.1 常压塔多变量控制94.2.2 LQG 自校正控制94.2.3 中段回流计算104.2.4 自动提降量模型11第五章 炼油厂常压塔温度控制系统设计的方案 125.1 过程控制系统方案设计的基本要求125.2 常压塔温度控制系统的总体设计13第六章 炼油厂常压塔温度控制系统设计内容146.1 精馏塔控制系统的组成与结构
