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1、2010 Minerals YearbookU.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological SurveyALUMINUM ADVANCE RELEASESeptember 2011ALUMINUM2010 ADVANCE RELEASE 5.1ALUMINUMBy E. Lee BrayDomestic survey data and tables were prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepare
2、d by Lisa D. Miller, international data coordinator.During 2010, domestic primary smelters produced 1.73 million metric tons (Mt) of aluminum metal, the same as in 2009, valued at $3.98 billion, 31% more than the value of the production in 2009. At yearend, five companies were operating nine primary
3、 aluminum smelters in seven States. Smelters east of the Mississippi River accounted for about 71% of the production. An additional five smelters were temporarily idle. Two other smelters that had been temporarily idle were permanently closed. About 56% 1.78 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of d
4、omestic primary aluminum smelting capacity (table 2), including idle potlines at operating smelters, was not being used. Aluminum recovered from purchased scrap was essentially unchanged at 2.8 Mt. Of this recovered metal, 55% came from new (manufacturing) scrap, and 45% came from old (discarded alu
5、minum products) scrap. Aluminum used beverage cans (UBCs) accounted for 48% of the reported old scrap consumed in 2010 and 21% of total scrap consumed. Apparent consumption of aluminum increased by 4% compared with that in 2009. The United States and Canadian transportation industry accounted for 28
6、.6% of metal shipments by United States and Canadian producers; containers and packaging, 22.4%; building and construction, 10.2%; electrical, 7.1%; machinery and equipment, 7.1%; consumer durables, 6.1%; and other uses, 3.1%. Exports accounted for 15.4% of shipments from producers in Canada and the
7、 United States in 2010 (table 6). The 2010 annual average U.S. market price of primary aluminum ingot increased by 31% to $1.044 per pound from $0.794 per pound in 2009. The monthly average price fluctuated between $0.934 per pound and $1.109 per pound during the first 9 months of 2010, before stabi
8、lizing at about $1.12 per pound during the fourth quarter of the year. At yearend 2010, total (unwrought, scrap, in process metal, and semifabricated) world inventories of aluminum, as reported by the International Aluminium Institute (IAI) (2011), were 13% higher than those at yearend 2009. Combine
9、d inventories of aluminum metal and alloys held by the London Metal Exchange Ltd. (LME) (2009; 2010), however, decreased by 8%. Primary aluminum was produced in 42 countries in 2010. China, Russia, Canada, and Australia, in decreasing order of metal produced, accounted for 61% of total world product
10、ion. World primary metal production increased by 11% compared with that of 2009 owing to increased production in China (3.3 Mt), the United Arab Emirates 390,000 metric tons (t), Qatar (180,000 t), Russia (132,000 t), Germany (102,000 t), Kazakhstan (100,000 t), New Zealand (73,000 t), and several o
11、ther nations. Commissioning of new smelters and brownfield expansions, as well as restarted capacity closed during the financial crisis, accounted for the increased production. These increases were partially offset by decreased production of 330,000 t in Norway, 75,000 t in Venezuela, 67,000 t in Ca
12、nada, and 67,000 t in the United Kingdom, as older smelters were closed, and droughts limited hydroelectric power in some locations. The United States remained the 5th leading producer of primary aluminum. ProductionPrimary.In June, Alcoa Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA) and workers represented by the United S
13、teelworkers (USW) union ratified a 4-year contract that addressed issues such as health care, pay increases, and workplace flexibility. The contract covered 5,400 hourly workers at 10 locations in the United States, including 6 primary smelters at Alcoa, TN; Massena, NY (2); Rockdale, TX; Wenatchee,
14、 WA; and Warrick, IN. The previous 4-year contract had expired May 31, and work had continued without interruption at all locations during the negotiations (Alcoa Inc., 2010b). In April, Alcoa announced that the temporary closures of the Badin, NC, and Frederick, MD, smelters would be made permanent
15、, and the sites would be remediated. The Badin smelter was first opened in 1916 and last operated in August 2002. It had a capacity of 120,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of aluminum. The Frederick smelter, which began production in 1970, had a capacity of 195,000 t/yr when it closed in December 200
16、5. High power prices were cited as reasons for initial closure of both smelters, and subsequent efforts to obtain long-term power contracts at competitive prices were unsuccessful (Alcoa Inc., 2010c). A 5-year labor contract between Century Aluminum Co. (Monterey, CA) and more than 540 hourly employees represented by the USW at the 244,000-t/yr smelter in Hawesville, KY, was ratified on December 23 (Century Aluminum Co.,
