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1、摘 要随着航空运输业的快速发展，飞行事故也日益增加，飞行乘员的人身安全应当得到更好的保障，为此，近年来有关飞机适航验证的研究逐渐增加，关于飞机适航的设计要求、设计准则、关键零部件的设计方法、试验手段、仿真验证方法等都有了很大的发展。我国大型民用客机的快速发展，对飞机适航验证的研究有比较迫切的市场需求，商用客机和军用飞机也需要考虑迫降情况的乘员安全。本文对飞机座椅适航验证的设计准则、设计方法和试验方法进行了分析和总结，并对飞机座椅的有限元模型进行了静强度和动强度的模拟验证。完成的主要工作有：1. 介绍了我国民机适航研究的发展状况及应用前景；2. 根据适航验证条例，概括出关于飞机座椅的设计要求，通
2、过现有准则，提出一些飞机座椅的设计措施；3. 根据飞机座椅结构设计的适航要求，对农 5A 型飞机进行了座椅结构强度进行分析，提出有限元模型建立原则。对驾驶员座椅验证试验模型作用在安全带和肩带上的载荷进行计算，并将载荷加载到有限元模型上，分别进行了静强度和动强度的适航验证模拟，计算结果设计改进后，顺利完成强度验证试验。本文顺利进行了飞机座椅结构适航取证的模拟验证，对大型飞机的结构适航取证及验证技术提供了思路和方法。关键词：适航，座椅，有限元模型ABSTRACTWith the development of general aviation industry, people are sufferi
3、ng more air accidents, and personal safeties of crews are concerned farther more. Consequently, researches on airworthiness of the aircraft are increased dramatically, and the aircraft design requirements, design criteria, the key design components, testing tools, simulation methods and so on, are g
4、reat and rapidly developed. Booming of the internal general aviation industry also perform more pressing market demands. Safeties of crew for both commercial and military aircrafts in the case of forced landing are also considered more important. In the present paper, the aircraft control surface an
5、d verification of seat airworthiness criteria, design methods and test methods are discussed, and the smooth seat on the plane finite element model for the static strength and dynamic strength of the simulation.1. Airworthiness research on Chinas development and research prospects is summarized;2. A
6、ccording to the airworthiness regulations, the aircraft control surfaces as well as the seat of the design requirements are summarized. Through existing guidelines, some aircraft control surfaces and seating design measures are proposed;3. Through the discussion of aircraft control surface, the exis
7、ting aircraft control surface problems are proposed. The aircraft aileron, horizontal tail and rudder design are analyzed and a number of design measures are suggested;4. According to the aircraft seat design requirements for N5A aircraft, an analysis of structural strength of seats is carried out.
8、Some principles of finite element model are brought forward. Verification tests on the driver seat by FEM model, the seat belts and shoulder straps on the load calculation, and then the computation is performed by adding it to the seat intensity FEM model. After improvement based on the intensity co
9、mputation results, the seat passed intensity verification test.This paper finished the verification of airworthiness smoothly, and it provides ideas and method for large aircraft airworthiness.KEY WORDS：airworthiness, control surface, seats, finite element model目 录第一章第一章 绪论绪论.11.1 飞机结构适航研究概述 .112 本文
10、主要研究对象及方法.1第二章第二章 适航验证技术适航验证技术在在中国的发展中国的发展.32.1 适航验证技术在中国的发展.32.2 适航条例对飞机操纵面结构设计要求.52.1.1 概述 .52.2.2 飞机飞行姿态及载荷定义 .62.2.3 适航条例对操纵面的要求 .72.3 适航条例对飞机座椅结构设计要求.122.3.1 概述 .122.3.2 座椅/约束系统的设计要求 .122.3.3 座椅材料与连接形式的选择 .132.3.4 座椅强度要求 .16第三章第三章 飞机操纵面结构选择飞机操纵面结构选择与与设计设计.193.1 概述.193.2 操纵面存在的问题.193.3 操纵面各部分设计.
11、203.3.1 副翼 .203.3.2 水平尾翼和升降舵 .24第四章第四章 飞机座椅有限元建模及分析飞机座椅有限元建模及分析.294.1 概述.294.2 飞机乘员座椅静强度验证.294.4.1 座椅试验要求 .294.4.2 各约束点载荷计算分析 .304.4.3 飞机座椅有限元模型的建立 .354.4.4 座椅有限元计算及分析 .354.3 飞机乘员座椅动强度分析.404.3.1 模型的建立 .404.3.2.严重载荷情况分析.41第五章第五章 全文工全文工作作总结及展望总结及展望.465.1 全文工作总结.465.2 总结与展望.46参考文献参考文献.47致致 谢谢.49毕业设计小结毕业设计小结.50第一章 绪论1.1 飞机结构适航研究概述飞机飞行事故严重地威胁着机上成员的生命安全。随着科学技术的发展，结构振动适航研究的运用越来越广泛，适航审查部门的审查监督以及人们做出的不懈努力，使当今航空安全性能已经大幅提高。但是事实表明，无论飞机设计和制造的多么可靠，由于各种不能
