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1、摘摘 要要风机是电厂锅炉的主要辅助设备之一，其所消耗的电量约占电厂总发电量 的 23%。随着用电量的不断增长和能源问题的出现，电厂风机运行的经济性越 来越为人们所重视。因此，世界各国都在研究降低风机电耗的方法。600MW 电 站锅炉风机采用离心式还是轴流式风机，通过对性能和经济性，安装等方面的 比较。目前用于火力发电厂的国内生产的高效离心式送、引风机，在实际运行 中并未发挥出高效风机的“高效”这个优势，而处于高效风机低效运行的状况。 究其原因，最根本的还不在于选型、风机与管道系统性能的匹配以及安装、维 修等方面，而在于风机的调这对电站锅炉本身的效率和电厂的经济效益有直接 的关系，对风机的安装及
2、维护也有重大的意义。 我国从 80 年代初期就开始致力于发展 600MW 亚临界机组,1985 年从国外引 进的第 1 台 600MW 机组在内蒙古元宝山电厂投运。随后,又引进了多台亚临界 和超临界机组,并采用引进技术生产并投产了多台 600 MW 热力发电机组。运行 实践表明,亚临界和超临界机组在技术上是成熟的,为我国研制超临界机组积累 了宝贵的经验。 三大动力集团 80 年代末、90 年代初开始了超临界关键技术的研究工作。 分别与国际上拥有先进超临界技术的公司进行了广泛的国际间技术交流与合作。 石洞口二厂引进 600 MW 超临界机组,给上海发电机组制造业带进了超临界机组 部分的设计制造技
3、术。外高桥 2900 MW 分包制造,又掌握了超临界关键部件 的设计技术。随着引进技术的消化、转化,超临界机组设备国产化的条件已逐 步成熟。 本文结合近年来大型锅炉机组选择经济合理的风机系统，针对分析当该锅 炉分别采用入口导叶和双速电机联合调节的离心式风机或动叶调节的轴流式风 机，进行其运行和调节特点的分析。通过比较给出经济合理的风机选型方案。关键词：轴流；离心风机；可靠性；运行特点关键词：轴流；离心风机；可靠性；运行特点AbstractFan is the main power plant auxiliary equipment boilers, one of the electricity
4、 they consume a total power generating capacity accounts for about 2 3%. With growing electricity demand and energy problems, the plant running fan of the growing economic importance for the people. Therefore, all countries in the world to reduce the wind in the study of methods of mechanical and el
5、ectrical consumption. 600MW power plant boiler using centrifugal blower or axial fan, through the performance and economy, comparative installation. At present, domestic production of coal-fired power plants for the efficient delivery of centrifugal, suction fan, not in the actual operation of play
6、Fans of the highly efficient “high performance“ of this advantage, and in the efficient running of the state of inefficient fan. The reason is not the most fundamental selection, fan and pipe system to match the performance and installation, maintenance and so on, but fans of the tune itself for pow
7、er plant boiler power plant efficiency and cost-effectiveness is directly related to, on the installation and maintenance of fans also have great significance. China from the early 80s began to develop 600MW sub- critical units, introduced from abroad in 1985 the first unit 1 600MW power plant in In
8、ner Mongolia and put into operation Yuanbaoshan. Later, the introduction of multiple sub-critical and supercritical generating units, using the introduction of technology and production of more than 600 MW thermal generating units. Running practice shows that sub-critical and supercritical unit is t
9、echnically mature, for the development of supercritical units in China has accumulated valuable experience. The three major driving force for the Group at the end of the 80s, early 90s ultra-critical study of key technologies. With the international advanced supercritical technology for a wide range
10、 of international technical exchange and cooperation. The introduction of Shidongkou Plant 600 MW supercritical generating units, generator sets to the Shanghai manufacturing supercritical generating units into the design and manufacture of technical parts. 2 900 MW Waigaoqiao sub-manufacturing, and
11、 mastered the key components of supercritical design technology. With the introduction of technology digestion, transformation, unit equipment supercritical conditions has been made to gradually mature. In this paper, a large boiler unit in recent years, economic and rational choice of fan systems,
12、for analysis were used when the boiler entrance guide vane and the joint regulation of two-speed electric fan or the centrifugal rotor axial fan adjustment, operation and regulation of its characteristics analysis. By comparing the fan is given a reasonable selection of the economic program. KeyKey
13、wordswords：axialaxial，centrifugalcentrifugal fanfan operatingoperating characteristicscharacteristics ofof thethe reliabilityreliability ofof目目 录录摘 要.I Abstract.II 目 录.1 第一章 绪论.2 1.1 轴流式风机与离心式风机的简单介绍.2 1.1.1 离心风机.2 1.1.2 轴流风机.2 1.2 入口导叶调节离心式风机和动叶调节的轴流式风机的特性曲线的区别与运行特点.2 第二章 离心式与轴流式通风机的工作原理及特性比较.4 2.1 静叶可调轴流式风机的调节方式和调节性能.4 2.2
