《基本翻译技巧(2)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《基本翻译技巧(2)（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英汉翻译技巧的八项理论依据1.改变词类（ conversion ）Ignorance of law is a dangerous thing for running a business. 无视 法律对做生意是一件危险的事。The residents in the small town all welcome the execution of the killer. 小镇的居民对处死 杀人犯莫不拍手称快。2. 选词用字（ diction）Before they could protest, the drivers were taken away by the soldiers. 司机还没来得急
2、申辩 ，就被士兵们带走了。He did not drop out of school despite his poverty-stricken family . 他没有因 家境贫寒 而辍学。3.语序调整（ inversion）He said no word to his wife as she passed with a plate. 他妻子递盘子时，他一言未发。The use of the inspection stamp is limited to the person to whom it is issued. 检章仅限对持章人使用。4.省略（ omission ）What is the
3、 shortest possible way to the Railway Station? 去火车站哪条路最近？Stainless steel possesses good hardness and high strength. 不锈钢强度高，韧性好。5.增词（ amplification）Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust. 钢铁产品的 表面 经常镀有一层涂料以防生锈。The prosperity today symbolizes our efforts in the past 10 years. 今
4、天的繁荣是经过过去十年的努力得来 的。6.重复（ repetition）Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part. 按惯列每条河有上游部分，中游部分 和下游 部分 。Half the prize money he spent, and the rest was laid aside for rainy days. 他把奖金的一半花了，剩下的一半 留着以备不时之需。7反译（ negation）Suddenly he heard s sound behind him, and realized that he w
5、as not alone in the garage. 突然他听到背后有动静，意识到车库里还有别人 。She won t buy anything less than the best that her budgets allow. 她买东西 总超支 。8分译（ division）It was a real challenge that those who had learnt from us now excelled us. 那些师从于我们的现在都超过了我们，这是个莫大的鞭策。It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though wither
6、ed by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. 他停下来，转过身，看到一个女的个子高高的，虽年事已高，但风韵犹存。断句I come to China / at an important time. 我到中国访问，恰逢一个重要的时刻。（笔：我是在一个重要的时刻来到中国的。）They build the bridge in two months. 他们建这座桥，花了俩个月。（笔：他们花了两个月建成了这座桥。）Practice 1 It is nevertheless many years since / our two w
7、orlds first touched. 但是很久以前我们两个世界就开始接触了。2 The speed of integration in international trade / of less developed countries / has been slow. 融入国际贸易的速度，就不发达国家而言，一直是缓慢的。3 Governments have a crucial role to play / in promoting social human development and / in providing the poor with the necessary / workin
8、g skills. 政府要发挥十分重要的作用，以促进社会的人力开发，并使穷人获得必要的劳动技能。4 I dont believe / that the European economy must follow the US into a depression.我并不认为欧洲经济一定回步入美国后尘，进入一个萧条期。汉英口译中的变通1.以主语定谓语从原文的主语或谓语部分摘取某个词语作新的主语，并以此为根据重新确定谓语动词，组织句子，如：民族地区的经济社会获得不断的发展。A.The economy and society of the ethnic minority areas have been
9、developed continuously. B.Continued economic and social development has been achieved/attained in the minority concentrated areas. C.The minority concentrated regions have witnessed continued economic and social development. 2.以谓语定主语 有时汉语句子没有主语的，或者汉语的主语无法译为英语的主语，就需要在句子的其它部分找到一个词作主语，然后添加一个谓语动词，如：各民族之
10、间建立了平等、团结、互助的新型关系。A.We have established a new type of relationship characterized by equality, solidarity and mutual assistance between different ethnic groups. B.A new type of relationship of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance between different ethnic groups has been established. 中国历史上产生了许多杰
11、出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家，留下了浩如烟海的文化典籍。A.china produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists and left us numerous volumes of literature. B.Many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers
12、 and artists were produced in Chinese history and numerous volumes of literature were left behind. 3.统一主语汉语的主语可以不断变换，而英语喜欢一通到底。近二十年的实践已充分证明，我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的，信念是坚定的， 步骤是稳妥的，方式是渐进的，取得的成就就是巨大的。The practice in recent twenty years has eloquent proved that the directed of our reform and opening up is right
13、, our conviction is firm, our steps are steady, our approach is gradual and our achievements are huge. The practice in recent twenty years has eloquently proved that we are right in direction, firm in conviction, steady in our steps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the reform and openin
14、g up and have achieved tremendous successes. 4.套用句型中国人民一向钦佩美国人民的求实精神和创造精神。The Chinese people have always admired the American people for their pragmatic attitude and creative spirit. 中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained ac
15、ademic exchanges with this university. 5.添加连接词，显化句子关系将有内在联系的句子、短语等用连词、 从句、 不定式、 分词、 介词等将内部的关系显化，如：我们应该相互尊重，相互学习，取长补短，共同进步。We should respect and learn from each other and draw upon other s strong points to offset one s own deficiencies for achieving common progress. 我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局，妥善解决分歧，不断朝着增进了解、扩大
16、共识、发展合作、共创未来的目标前进。We should take a firm hold of the overall interests of China-U.S. relations and settle our differences properly so as to reach the goal of promoting mutual understanding, broadening common ground, developing cooperation and building a future together. 这里，我想就以下一些方面谈些看法，希望有助于诸位对中国的了解。Here, I would like to make the following observations which I hope will help you to know China better. 有一部分美国人会批评他，说他背叛了他原来竞选的诺言，这会对他下一次的竞选造成不利。Some Ame
