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1、 1 AbstractThis paper deals with the effects of geomagnetic storms on Hydro-Qubecs distribution network through the real-life case of the utilitys 25 kV network which supplies the Mistissini Cree community about 500 km north of Montreal, Canada. The paper begins with a description of the 25 kV netwo
2、rk and then examines a few unusual events that occurred between 2000 and 2005. Then, the approach that was used to draw a correlation between the chance events of the past years and geomagnetic storms will be explained. After the impact of these events on the distribution network is described, mitig
3、ation means are proposed to reduce their impact. I. INTRODUCTION eomagnetic storms mainly affect long transmission systems. The collapse of Hydro-Qubecs transmission system in March of 1989 shed more light on this phenomenon. The event also led to technical solutions being implemented to make the tr
4、ansmission system much less vulnerable to this type of natural phenomenon. Since transmission systems receive the most media coverage, there is a tendency to think that magnetic storms only affect this type of network. This paper will show that distribution systems can also be affected to a major ex
5、tent under the right conditions. In practice, very few distribution system engineers over the course of their careers will be called to deal with the sometimes harmful effects of magnetic storms. However, when seemingly unexplainable phenomena occur on a long feeder without a non-linear load, one ne
6、eds to consider whether the suns activities may be the cause. II. MISTISSINI NETWORK The network under study supplies the Mistissini Cree community located about 85 km (54 miles) north of the town of Chibougamau (see Fig. 1), which has a population of about 3,500. Currently, the loads are mainly mad
7、e up of 900 homes, about 20 institutional buildings and a few small retail establishments. The last winter peak load was estimated at 10 MVA, while the summer minimum load was 3 MVA. J.L Tessier is with Hydro-Qubec Distribution, Rgion Est et Nord du Qubec, Saguenay, QC G7K1A3 (e-mail: Tessier.Jean-L
8、uchydro.qc.ca). G. Simard is with Hydro-Qubec Distribution, Orientations du rseau, Montral, QC H5B 1B7 (e-mail: Simard.Georgeshydro.qc.ca). Since 1974, the community has been supplied by 161/25 kV Obalski substation (OBA) through a long distribution network of more than 90 km (56 miles) in length. T
9、his YGnd.- D-YGnd. source supplies a four-wire network on which the neutral is considered effectively grounded. Over time, the network has been substantially upgraded to meet the ever- growing energy demand. Fig. 1. Geographical overview of the network Table 1 summarizes the main changes made to thi
10、s network from the time it was built to late fall of 2004, while Fig. 2 shows its configuration during the 2004-2005 winter peak. Table 1 History of the electrical network Date Description of main developments 1974 Extension of feeder OBA-204 to Mistissini (300 MCM AL phase conductors with 2/0 AL ne
11、utral) followed by the dismantlement of the diesel power plant. 1989 Extension of feeder OBA-207 to Mistissini (477 MCM AL phase conductors with 477 AL neutral and counterpoise wire). Oct. 13, 2004 Commissioning of a third regulator bank on feeder OBA-204 and temporary transfer of all Mistissini cus
12、tomers to it. Nov. 24, 2004 Feeder OBA-207 is put back in service with a third regulator bank and permanent transfer of 2/3 of the Mistissini load to the latter. Contrary to the other feeder, this feeder has now been transposed and has two 600 kvar shunt capacitor banks respectively located 30 and 6
13、5 km from the source (19 and 40 miles). During the 2004-2005 winter peak, each of the two lines had a recloser located about 11 km (7 miles) from 161/25- kV Oblaski substation to provide adequate protection for the network that was over 80 km (over 50 miles) long located downstream. There were also
14、three series regulator banks to Case Study of the Impact of a Magnetic Storm on a Hydro-Qubec Distribution Feeder J.-L. Tessier, Hydro-Qubec, G. Simard, Senior member, IEEE G 2008 IEEE.Authorized licensed use limited to: McGill University. Downloaded on April 30, 2009 at 19:25 from IEEE Xplore. Rest
15、rictions apply.2 supply all of the loads as per steady-state voltage supply standards1. These installations, made up of three single-phase regulators, were respectively located 12, 43 and 91 km from the source (7.5, 26.7 and 56.5 miles). Fig. 2. Schematic 25-kV circuit diagram, 2004-2005 III. UNEXPL
16、AINED CASES There are always unexplained events that occur at some time or other on an electrical network. One of the particular aspects of the Mistissini network was in fact the large number of such cases. Here is a description of some of them. A. Regulator malfunction One of the unexplained cases that was encountered on this network consisted of the unexpected interruption of one or two r
