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1、 Introduction to Childrens Environmental Health 儿童环境健康介绍Peter D. Sly WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Childrens Environmental Health 儿童环境健康世界卫生组织合作研究中心 Perth, Australia 澳大利亚 http:/www.ichr.uwa.edu.au/who/Introduction to Childrens Environmental Health儿童环境健康介绍Why CEH? 为什么研究儿童环境健康？ Children hav
2、e the right to: 儿童有以下权利 Reach their full potential as individuals 使充分发挥个人潜力 Become contributing members of society成为对社会有贡献的人 Be included in sustainable development programs被包括在可持续发展 Children bear an increased share of disease burden儿童经受着越来越大的疾病压力 Poor children 44:640-649) pneumonia mortality with pa
3、rticulate exposure (Brazil 巴西 )颗粒暴露 导致 肺炎死亡率 30% resp mortality with NO2 of 127 ppb (Brazil 巴西 ) NO2 127 ppb 会引起呼吸疾病死亡率增加 30% resp mortality with 呼吸死亡率增加随着 SO2 (8.6% for 20 g/m3), CO (8.6% / 5ppm) O3 (5.7% for 126 g/m3) total mortality 0.6% per 10 g/m3 PM10 (Thailand 泰国 )PM10 每增加 10 g/m3 总死亡率增加 0.6%
4、 infant mortality with PM2.5, O3, NO2 (Mexico墨西哥 )婴儿的死亡率随着 PM2.5, O3, NO2 的增加而增加Environmental impact on respiratory diseases 环境对呼吸疾病的影响 Respiratory Symptoms/Infections 呼吸症状 / 感染 Perth柏斯 (Hinwood ， 2007) Air pollutants (O3, NO2, PM2.5) assoc. with more severe ARI(fever, cough, wheeze) 空气污染物 (O3, NO2,
5、 PM2.5) 导致严重的急性呼吸道感染 （发热，咳嗽，呼吸困难） Europe 欧洲 (Gehring ERJ 格林欧州橡胶杂志（ ERJ ） 2002;19:690-698) Traffic pollutants (pm2.5, NO2) assoc with increased cough 交通污染物导致咳嗽增加 Indonesia印度尼西亚 (Hong JOEM 2004;46:1174-79) Pollutant exposurerespiratory symptoms污染物质暴露 呼吸系统症状增加 Childrens Environmental Health in Australi
6、a 澳大利亚的儿童环境卫生Burden of disease 疾病负担 14y Mental disorders 精神病症 (23%), Respiratory diseases 呼吸系统疾病 (18%), neonatal conditions 新生儿条件 (16%). No assessment of environmental contribution in Australia澳大利亚没有环境为患评价 Arsenic exposure in drinking water and soils饮用水和土壤中砷暴露 MMT in petrol without assessment没有汽油中三羰基甲基戊基锰的评估 Lack of Environmental Justice in remote and rural Australia对澳大利亚偏远地区和乡村缺乏环境立法Summary 总结 Children are more vulnerable to environmental exposures than adults儿童比成人对环境暴露更敏感 Need to consider the totality of exposures需要考虑整体风险 Developmental stage of exposure determines outcome发育期的暴露决定后果
