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1、电力市场电力市场 刘敏 关于关于电力市场电力市场 一门新课程 教材的选用 电力系统经济学原理 Daniel Kirschen & Goran Strbac（英国曼彻斯特大学理 工学院） 教学形式 双语教学 考核方式 课堂讨论+作业+英文翻译 Contents Introduction Basic concepts from economics Market for electricity energy Participanting in markets for electrical energy System security and ancillary systems Transmissi
2、on networks and electricity markets Investing in generation Investing in transmission 1 Introduction Why competition Traditional power industry Generation Transmission Distribution Consumers Utility 1 Generation Transmission Distribution Consumers Utility 2 Problems of the monopoly The electric util
3、ities removed the incentive to operate efficiently and encouraged unnecessary investments The cost of the private utilities made has been passed to the consumers Public utilities often too closely linked to the government Key to the problem Deregulation Improve efficiency Electricity markets I sell
4、electricity Dramatis personae Vertically integrated utilities Own generation, transmission and distribution Generating companies (gencos) Produce and sell energy & ancillary services Distribution companies (discos) Own and operate distribution network Retailers Buy electricity on the wholesale marke
5、t and resell it to consumers Dramatis personae (cont.) Market operator (MO) Matches the bids and offers To settle the accepted bids and offers Independent system operator (ISO) To maintain the security of the power system To run the market of last resort Transmission companies (transco) Own transmis
6、sion assets Operate transmission equipments according to the instructions of the ISO Dramatis personae (cont.) Regulator Responsible for ensuring the fair and efficient operation of the electricity sector Determines or approves the rules of the electricity market Investigates suspected cases of abus
7、e of market power Sets the prices for the products and services that provided by the monopolies Dramatis personae (cont.) Small consumers Buy electrical energy form a retailer Large consumers Buy electrical energy directly through the market Models of competition Generation Transmission Distribution
8、 Sell Generation Transmission Distribution Sell Model 1: Monopoly Generator Wholesaler/ transmitter Distribution company Consumers Generator Consumers Wholesaler/ transmitter Distribution company Model 2: Purchasing agency(1) Generator Wholesaler/ transmitter Distribution company Consumers IPP IPP M
9、odel 2: Purchasing agency(2) Competitive Gencos Monopolistic Trancos IPP IPP IPP Wholesale purchasing agnecy Disco Disco Disco Consumers Consumers Consumers Model 3: Wholesale competition Disco IPP Consumers Disco IPP Disco Large consumer IPP IPP IPP Wholesale market Transmission system Consumers Co
10、nsumers Model 4: Retail competition Consumers Retailer Wholesale market Transmission system IPP IPP IPP IPP IPP Retailer Retailer Large consumer Retail market Distribution network Consumers Consumers Consumers Open questions In the monopoly utility model, all technical decisions regarding the operat
11、ion and the development of the power system are taken within a single organization Introducing competition implies renouncing centralized control and coordinated planning Open questions (cont.) Does the separating of the operation of generation from that of the transmission system reduce the reliabi
12、lity of the overall system? Does a disaggregated, competitive system operates more efficiently than a centralized one? Open questions (cont.) How to coordinate the generation investment and transmission investment? Should we build another sets of transmission and/or distribution network? Homework P. 9 1.11.5
