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1、集装箱电子标签系统Container RIFD System上海国际港务(集团)股份有限公司Shanghai International Port (Group) Co., Ltd 包起帆BAO Qifan一、背景 Background1 集装箱运输以其高效、便捷、安全的特点成为交通运输现代化的重要 形式。上海港的集装箱吞吐量2006年已达到2171万TEU，连续4年 保持世界第三。Container shipping has become an important form of modern transportation due to its high efficiency, conven
2、ience and safety. Throughput of container in Shanghai Port in 2006 had reached 21,710,000 TEU, which is the third in the world for 4 years.2 现代集装箱码头的信息化水平的高低已经成为制约集装箱运输的关键 。目前，在集装箱运输中集装箱自身不载有信息。集装箱在运载过程 中的信息传递还依赖于传统的方式。集装箱的流向、流转和识别基本 上还是处于人工、半人工状态。Informatization of modern container terminal has bec
3、ome a key to restrict container shipping. At present, there is no information along with container itself in container shipping any more. The information transmission during container shipping depends on the traditional way. Flowing direction, motion and identification of the container are still und
4、er manual or semi- manual condition on the whole.一、背景 Background3 国际上为了防恐的安全需要，美国和欧盟纷纷提出集装箱运输安全 锁的概念，先后提出了许多解决方案，尝试把RFID技术应用于集装 箱运输领域，但因技术和成本的原因，其发展多处于试验阶段。To meet the requirements on antiterrorism, the USA and EU have suggested the concept of safety lock to container shipping in succession and made
5、 a lot of solutions, and try to use RFID technology in the container shipping field. But as reasons of technology and costs, its development still stays at test stage.4 现代集装箱物流迫切需要一种能够实时记录箱、货、流信息，记录 开关箱时间和地理位置信息的智能化电子标签，从而提升集装箱物 流的整体水平。It is exigent for the modern container logisitics that one kind
6、of intelligent RIFD tag which can record the information of containers, goods and flow in real time as well as the information of time and geography of openning and closing the container is needed. 5 集装箱电子标签有着非常典型的行业特征。作业环境复杂、技术难 度很大，提出的各项技术指标、工艺性指标、功能性需求都远不同 于电子标签在其它领域的应用； Container RFID system has
7、 typical Industry property. Due to complex working environment and technological difficulties, its various technical criteria, process target, functional demand are further different the RFID applied in other fields;集装箱电子标签的应用只能在一个巨大的、涉及范围十分广泛的物 流信息网络环境下才能形成； Application of container RFID is only ge
8、nerated under a network with mass and wide logistics information; 集装箱电子标签的应用范围很广，涉及多个领域，对其整体协调和 安全性、可靠性、经济性提出很高的要求。 Container RFID is widely used in many fields, which have higher requirements on whole coordination, safety, reliability and economical efficiency.一、背景 Background集装箱物流信息实时传递Logistics in
9、formation of container transfers in real time1. 箱信息 information of container2. 货物信息 information of cargo3. 运输信息：如船信息，港口，货代other information： information of ship， port, cargo agency集装箱安全信息 Security information of container1. 开关箱时间 on-off time of container2. 开关箱时，箱所处的位置（与GPS相连）address of container whe
10、n open/closed（connect with GPS）3. 箱的温度、湿度等物理信息 physics information of container, such as temperature, humidity系统功能 System Function边检、商检 Inspection海关Costom港口port船公司 Shipping company货代、船代 Agency物流公司 Logistics company用户Consumer服务对象 Service Objects 二、中国“两港一航”电子标签系统“2 ports 研究保证电子标签和读写器之间空中接口的信息传输安全技术，实现
11、 信息的加密存储和传输，对电子标签实施写操作时的授权写入验证； Research on information transmission safety technology at aerial connector between tags and reader, realize information encrypt storage and transmission and identify authorized write when read-write operation to tags; 研究电子标签读写器和主机间的信息通信加密技术；Research on encrypt technol
12、ogy of information communication between the reader and host computer; 研究无线通信系统间的信息传输安全性保障技术； Research on safety insurance technology of information transmission between wireless communication systems 研究集装箱信息实时交换系统中的安全支撑系统。Research on safety supporting system in container information real-time excha
13、nge system. 主要关键技术和设备 Key Technology & Equipment 1.频段的选择 Choice on frequency range 2.防冲突性设计 Anti-impact design of RFID in container3.读取可靠性分析 Reliability analysis on reader 4.集装箱电子标签 Container Tag5.集装箱电子封条 Container E-seal6.信息录入设备 Equipment for information transcription7.基站式读写器 Fixed reader8.无线式读写器 W
14、ireless reader9.电子哨兵 E-Sentinel10. 集装箱电子标签系统中间件 11. Middleware of RFID system in container1. 频段的选择 Choice on frequency range n对于集装箱电子标签采用何种频段的讨论一直是个热点，主 要焦点在于433MHz、916MHz和2.4GHz这三个频段哪个更 适用于集装箱电子标签 。 Discussion on which frequency range RFID in container should adopt is always a hot, which focuses on
15、 which one in the three frequency ranges 433MHz, 916MHz and 2.4GHz is the most applicable for RFID in container.n频段选择时，考虑的主要性能参数： When choosing frequency range, consider the following chief parameters:v最大通信距离； Max communication distancev无线信号的传播； Transmission of wireless signalv功率限制 ； Power limitv工作时间； Working hours v调制方式。 Modulation moden在模拟真实集装箱环境下，采用CTLESS仿真软件分析433MHz、916MHz 和2.4GHz的射频信号在集装箱表面的发布 。国内外研究表明
