《unit9thetranslationofenglishnominalclauses》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《unit9thetranslationofenglishnominalclauses（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Unit 9 The Translation of English Nominal ClausesNominal Clauses subject clauses object clauses predicative clauses appositive clausesWhen we translate the nominal clauses, we may generally keep their original sentence order. However, in some cases, when “it” functions as the formal subject or objec
2、t of a complex sentence, a change of order is necessary.I. Subject Clauses (一) Subject Clauses introduced by pronouns like “what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why” etc. Eg. Whatever we talked about here must be kept secret. 译文译文 我们在这里所谈及的一切都必须保密。 Whatever is worth doing should be do
3、ne well. 任何值得做的事情都应该做好。 What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。 What is done cant be undone. 已成定局，无可挽回。/覆水难收。 Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 他来不来都没有关系。 When we can begin the expedition is still a question. 我们何时才能开始这次考察探险仍然是悬而未决。（二）“It”functions as a Formal Subject It do
4、esnt make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。（It没有翻译） It seemed unbelievable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还能活着，这真是不可思议。（It翻译为“这”）如果主句为简短的系表结构，也可以先译主句，即按照英语原文的顺序进行翻译。 Eg. It is strange that he should have left without saying goodbye. 译文译
5、文 真奇怪/奇怪的是. ，他居然不辞而别了。Ex.1. How and when human language developed and whether animals such as chimpanzees and gorillas can develop a more elaborate system of communication are issues at present being researched, but as yet little understood. as yet 到目前为止，迄今为止，至今仍人类的语言是如何发展起来的, 是什么时候形成的, 诸如黑猩猩和大猩猩一类的
6、 动物是否会形成一种更加复杂的交流系统, 都是现阶段人们研究的课题, 但至今 仍知之甚少。 Ex.2.How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 这些预测能在多大程度上被后来的成绩所证实取决于所使用的信息的量、可靠 性和适合程度, 并取决
7、于对信息作出解释的技能和智慧。 Ex.3.It is often said that wide reading is the best alternative course of action but even here it is necessary to make some kinds of selection. course of action 做法，行动，步骤 人们常说, 大量阅读是可供选择的最佳方案, 但即使在这一方面, 也需要某些选 择。II. Object Clauses （一）（一）Translating without changing the original order
8、Eg. Over peanut-butter sandwiches and chocolate-chip cookies, I learned that love, first and foremost, means being there for the little things. 译文译文 享用着母亲做的花生酱三文治和巧克力碎末饼干，我懂得了，爱首先就表现 在精心做好这些小事。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必
9、须在上午十点前交卷。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad. 听说他已经出国了。有时可加有时可加“说说”字，字，e.g. Smith replied that he was sorry. 斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。 He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others. 他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。(二二 ) Putting the object clause before the main
10、clause I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 能当选参加会议，我深感荣幸。 I think it quite true that he ventured out to Shangri-la. 他又冒险去香格里拉了，我觉得这件事千真万确。 （it翻译为“这”） We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. 打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。（it翻译为“这”）Ex.
11、1.It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large business or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. 如果没有城市的支持, 简直难以想象会有大学、医院和大企业, 甚至连科学技术 也不会有。 Ex.2.We fail to learn that pain is the bodys way of informing the mind that we ar
12、e doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. 我们不知道, 人体只是用疼痛这种方式通知大脑, 我们的行为出了差错, 而并非 一定健康有问题。 Ex.3.He believes that the highly mobile American society leaves individuals with feelings of rootlessness, isolation, indifference to community welfare, and shallow personal relationship
13、s. 他认为, 流动性很大的美国社会留给个人的感觉是没有根基、孤立、对社会福利 漠不关心和个人关系淡漠。 Ex.4.You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these by some spe
14、cial skill of their own, they build up their theories. (93年考题) 你们都多次听说过, 科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的, 他们用这种方法, 在某 中意义上说, 力求从自然界找出某些自然规律, 然后, 他们根据这些规律, 用自 己的某种非同一般的本领, 建立起他们的理论。 III. Predicative Clauses Type 1: subject + be/ L-verb + predicative clause Type 2: This / That is whyThis / That is because Translating
15、 without changing the original order Eg. The winner will be whoever promises the most with the least probability of delivering anything. 译文译文 赢家会是那个承诺得最多，却最不可能兑现那些承诺的人。 It seems that it is going to snow. 看起来要下雪了。 That is why Jack got scolded. 这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。 The question remains whether we can win the
16、 majority of the people. 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。 His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。Ex.1.One aspect of analogies is that they are limited by the scientific understanding of the time. 类比存在的一个问题在于类比受所处时代的科学理解水平的限制。 Ex.2.A even more possibility is that the dark matter is composed of sub-atomic articles left over the Big Bang tha
