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1、 1. population(1) 对人口提问用what, 不用how many, how much。Whats the population of the city?这个城市有多少人口？(2) population 作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。The population of China is larger than that of America.中国人口比美国人口多。80% of the population are farmers.百分之80的人口是农民。(3) 人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease); 人
2、口的多少用large和small。 The population of China _ large. And 70% of the population of China _ peasants.is are2. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 考点 此句中的it是形式主语, 真正的 主语是后面的that从句。另外, what, how, where, who等也常用作主语从句的引导词。 考例1 _ is our b
3、elief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江2006) A. As B. That C. This D. It 点拨 It 是形式主语，that引导的从句 为主语从句，作真正的主语。考例2 _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (上海2007) A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where 点拨 分析句子结构可知，谓语动词 was前是主
4、语从句，主语从句中的谓语 动词referred to后缺宾语，故用what引 导。3. means n. 方式, 手段(单复数相同)。The quickest means of travel is by plane.Every possible means has been tried , but none has worked.Are there any possible means of getting there?Some means are practical while others are not.联想记忆： 1) by no means 决不，一点也不 She is by no
5、means poor; in fact, she is very rich. 2) by this means (in this way); 用这方式 by means of 用方式 He succeeded by means of hard work. 3) by all means 当然可以, 没问题-Can I see it? -By all means.4. majority 大多数 n. 1) the majority of the people: most of the people 大多数人 2) majority常与a /the 连用; most后接名 词或of + n. Th
6、e majority were/was for the plan. The majority of the people / Most people/ Most of the people are against the idea of building a new factory here. The majority_ for the budget. The majority of students _hard- working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. 单独做主语时, 若强调整体, 谓语动词用单 数, 强调个体时, 谓语动词
7、用复数 。 a/the majority of + n. 后可用不可数名词，也可用 可数名词复数, 谓语动词由后面的名词决定 。 was / were areis发散记忆： major adj. 主要的, 重要的 a major roadv. (+in sth.)主修（科目） minority n. 少数人，少数 eg. Only a small minority of students are interested in politics these days.- Whats the boys favorite sport? - _ of boys like playing football
8、. A. None B. The most C. The majority D. Every 【解析】C 考查majority的用法。问句 问的是男孩们最喜欢的运动是什么， 即：多数男孩喜欢的，所以选择：the majority of + 名词(的大多数)。most 当“大多数”讲时，其前通常无冠词, of 后 的名词一般有限定词。5. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. 在16世纪, 欧洲人到来之后, 当地人陷入了极大的苦难。 vi. 受痛苦；受损害v
9、t. 遭受；忍受suffer辨析：suffer与suffer from suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的区别: suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)，但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤suffer fro
10、m headache/illness/war/the flood 遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/ 洪水1) in addition to: 除此之外,另外(+n./doing)e.g. I met my past teacher and some former classmates _ in the supermarket.in addition_ cakes and candies, guests were also provided with fruits. 除了有蛋糕和糖果, 还给客人们准备了水果。In addition to 6. In addition, many died from
11、the diseases brought by Europeans. 2) 辨析: die from, die ofdie of 死于疾病、饥饿, 多指内部原因。die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。die of cancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/old age死于癌症饥饿悲痛干旱衰老die from a wound/overwork/an unknown cause死于外伤过度劳累不明原因Many of them died of starvation.The soldier died from a wound in the breast.Some
12、 die of hunger, but some _ eating too much.A. die from B. from C. X D. of 7. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.16世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。fight for “为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)”fight against
13、(可用with) the enemy “为反对而斗争”；接人和国家名词， 意思是“与战斗”辨析: fight against, fight for与fight withfight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战fight a war/ battle 打一场战争They are fighting for freedom.他们正为自由而战。8. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religio
14、n to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1) 句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.2) majority作“多数，大半”讲, 单独作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数, 在强调“多数成员的各个成员”时, 谓语动词也可用复数。 the majority of后可用单数名词, 也 可用复数名词, 谓语动词的数与of 后面的名词相一致。The majority_ for the budget.The majority
15、 of students _ hard-working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.was / wereareis9. This is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 考点 why在此引导表语从句。表语从句 也可由what, where, when等引导。 考例1 Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. (浙江 2007) A. where B. what C. when D. why 点拨 is后为表语从句, 根据前一句, 将表 语从句补全后为: the best jobs are in the downtown, 故用A。 考例2 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (上海 20
