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1、句子的构成句子的构成句子成分 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 同 位 语 状 语人称代词 主格宾格形容词 性物主 代词名词性 物主代 词反身代 词我我们你，你们他她它他（她， 它）们人称代 词主格宾格形容词 性物主 代词名词性 物主代 词反身代词我 I me myminemyself我们 we us ouroursourselves你，你 们youyouyouryoursyourself yourselves他hehimhishishimself她
2、sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself他（她 ，它） 们theythemtheirtheirsthemselves（一）主语 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.注意 可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代 词（如you,
3、 he, she , I ,we, they, it)动词不定式，数词，动名词等。 主语一般在句首。注意可数名词单 数形式常和冠词不分家！ （二）谓语 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成，是英语 时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后 。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓 结构，如：We come. I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. 不及物动词 vi. 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象 （即宾语）。若要
4、跟宾语，必须先在其后 添加上某个介词，如to, of ,at后方可跟上宾 语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得 联系动词短语了. 常用的不及物动词 appear ，apologize, arrive ,belong, come ，die, disappear, exist ,go ，get ,fall , happen, look , listen ,live，rise， stand, stay, succeed, turn， turn out ,take place， work（三）表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was), appear
5、,look,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound, keep,stay,remain turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet.系动词 有些又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独 作谓语 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度 ，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词 用来表示“看起
6、来像“这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布 手感很软This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来 很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系 动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：She grew rich within a s
7、hort time. 她没多 长时间就富了。 1. The war was over.2. They seem to know the truth.3. Time is precious.4. Im not quite myself today.5. Who was the first?6. He is out of condition.7. The book is what I need.（四）宾语 谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动 作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一 个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完 整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及 物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同 的是
8、构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如 ：me，him，them等 宾语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give 给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两 个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个 指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直 接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接 宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please. 强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词+ 间接宾语Show this house to Mr. Smith.please pass me the book. .He bought me some flowers.I like
9、my job. I love you.He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games.（五）宾语补足语 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说 明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主 谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. P
10、lease keep the dog out. .主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.I last saw him playing near the river. He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher made the student read the sentences. The student was made to read the sentences. We made him monitor. He was made monitor. He pushed the door open. The door was p
11、ushed open.（六）定语 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(形容词) (名词)(数词) (名词所有格) (动名词 )(现在分词)(过去分词) (副词)The girl in red is his sister
12、.We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book.（七）状语 用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或 句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方 式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was
13、late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to
14、school.基本句型 主语+系动词+表语（主系表） 主语+不及物动词+（其他成分） 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 He went. He went there. He went there yesterday. He went there to see his mother yesterday. He went there to see his mother ill in hospitalby bike yesterday.Exercises:分析句子结构 You are a student. He felt happy to
15、day. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.
