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1、上海交通大学 MPA 学位论文 在华外国非政府组织依法登记问题研究 I在华外国非政府组织依法登记问题研究在华外国非政府组织依法登记问题研究 摘 要 随着我国改革开放的不断深入和加入 WTO，许多外国非政府组织进入中国，设立机构，开展活动，同时在华的一些外籍人士、港澳台人士纷纷成立的非政府组织 （港澳台人士成立非政府组织在登记管理上参照外国非政府组织） 蓬勃发展。这些组织在经济、文化、教育、卫生、环保、劳动、社会公益等各个领域，通过各种方式发挥了一定的作用， 同时也对我国内的非政府组织发展以及政府管理工作带来了一定的影响。 这些在华的外国非政府组织目前所面临的最大的问题就是依法登记问题。 现有法
2、规，1998 年国务院颁布的社会团体登记管理条例和民办非企业单位登记管理暂行条例 在立法时并没有考虑到外籍人士和港澳台人士要求登记成立非政府组织的情况，形成法律上的空白，致使目前大量外国非政府组织无法注册登记，政府部门无法监督管理的现状。据初步估算，目前已经实际存在并开展活动的在华外国非政府组织至少有 2000 家，提出登记申请的外国非政府组织更是不计其数。一些外籍人士和外资企业较多的大城市如上海、北京等地的外国非政府组织数量较多，他们要求注册登记的愿望也非常强烈。由于无法登记，许多外国非政府组织没有合法地位，面临银行账户、税收票据、雇工租房等问题，同时开展的活动处于地下状态，不利于政府部门的
3、监管和保护。 外国非政府组织登记管理的相关法规为何迟迟不能颁布是本文研究的重点，作者认为，相关法律法规一直未颁布，主要是权力机构只考虑到外国非政府组织特殊的政治影响力，担心登记后会对国家政权、国家利益和社会稳定造成危害，而忽略了这些外国非政府组织实际已经存在，社会领域对其而言实际已经开放，但政府部门却一直无法对其进行有效监管的现实情况。 对此， 作者认为非政府组织尤其是外国非政府组织是把双刃剑， 对国家安全、社会稳定、经济发展具有正反两方面作用，管理引导得好，非政府组织的兴旺会有利于国家的经济发展和社会政治稳定；反之，则会对国家的政治经济和社会稳定造成不利。 因此建议我国对在华外国非政府组织实
4、行积极有为的开放政策来取代过去的被动消极的开放政策。一是要突破“不承认，不接触，不取缔”的“三不政策” ，进一步了解掌握在华外国非政府组织基本情况和发展现状；二是要通过鼓励、劝诫和禁止三种方式对待不同的外国非政府组织；三是尽快对在华外国上海交通大学 MPA 学位论文 在华外国非政府组织依法登记问题研究 II非政府组织实行依法登记和管理，规范其活动，取长补短，趋利避害，引导他们为构建和谐社会发挥积极作用。 关键词 外国，非政府组织，登记，研究 上海交通大学 MPA 学位论文 在华外国非政府组织依法登记问题研究 IIIRESEARCH ON LEGAL REGISTRATION OF FOREIG
5、N NGOS IN CHINA RESEARCH ON LEGAL REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN NGOS IN CHINA ABSTRACT With the development of reform and opening-up policy in China and Chinese participation of WTO, many foreign NGOs go into China, set up organizations, and carry out activities. Meanwhile, in China, NGOs established by s
6、ome foreigners and people from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China develop vigorously. Such kind of organizations not only exert efforts in the area of economy, culture, education, heath, environment-protection, labor force and social public benefits, but also have influence on the development and
7、governmental management of NGOs in China. The biggest problem for these foreign NGOs in China is legal registration. Regulations of Registration and Management for NGOs and Management of Provisional Regulation for Civilian-run Non Enterprises issued by State Council in 1998 didnt meet the needs of s
8、etting up NGOs by foreigners and people from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China. Therefore, many foreign NGOs can not be registered and governmental departments are not able to supervise and manage them. It is estimated that there have been more than 2000 foreign NGOs existed in China and the numb
9、er of foreign NGOs who present the application of registration is even innumerable. Foreign NGOs in Shanghai and Beijing, or such kind of big cities, who have many foreigners and overseas-funded enterprises, have strong desires to register their organizations. Since many foreign NGOs can not be regi
10、stered, they dont have legal position and have difficulties in bank account, tax note, employment and house leasing. Meanwhile activities carried out by them are not easy for the governmental department to supervisor and protect. The main focus of this research is why the relevant regulations about
11、registration and management of foreign NGOs havent yet been issued. The author reckons the main reason of this phenomenon is because the authorities are worried about foreign 上海交通大学 MPA 学位论文 在华外国非政府组织依法登记问题研究 IVNGOs special political influences which may make national sovereignty, national interest,
12、 and social stability in danger. However, they ignore the fact that such kind of foreign NGOs have already existed in open society without effective supervision and management from governmental departments. According to the above issues, the author thinks NGOs, especially foreign NGOs is very much l
13、ike a double-edged sword, which have both positive and negative influence on national security, social stability and the development of economy. If we can manage and guide them well, the thriving of NGOs is good to a countrys economy development as well as social and political stability. Therefore,
14、the author suggests that our country should implement positive and open policy for foreign NGOs, instead of the passive ones. First, we should further understand and grasp the basic condition and current development situation of foreign NGOs, and break through the policies that have no admission, no
15、 contact and no crackdown of foreign NGOs. Second, we should treat different foreign NGOs with different method, such as encouragement, exhorting and prohibition. Third, we should implement the registration and management of the foreign NGOs in China in accordance with the law, standardize their act
16、ivities, make the most use of its advantages, avoid the disadvantages, and guide them to play a positive role in the construction of harmonious society. Key words Foreign, NGOs, register, research 上海交通大学上海交通大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。 对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由
