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1、上海交通大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名：邵尔希 日期： 2003 年 12 月 21 日 上海交通大学 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权上海交通大学可以将本学位论文的全部或
2、部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 保密，在 年解密后适用本授权书。 本学位论文属于 不保密。 （请在以上方框内打“” ） 学位论文作者签名：邵尔希 指导教师签名：周伟 日期：2 0 0 3 年 1 2 月 2 1 日 日期：2 0 0 3 年 1 2 月 2 1 日 4 论公民的刑事司法权利 属性与体系的分析 摘 要 刑事司法权利概念在我国是周伟教授首先提出并加以应用的本文对刑事司法权利概念进行了初步分析和阐述 刑事司法权利是指在刑事司法活动中受刑事追究人对司法机关所享有的可以要求作出一定的作为或不作为并为宪法和刑事法律所认可的一种资格
3、刑事司法权利本质上是人权的一种表现形态传统上英美法系和大陆法系存在不同的人权观念和人权保障模式其在刑事诉讼中的也出现不同反映表现这种不同的反映表现导致了两大法系对待受刑事追究人权利的保障各有轻重但是从整个人类历史的发展规律和趋势看保障人权的要求在两大法系的宪法和其他法律规范中是表现一致的都强调对个人权利的保障其刑事诉讼保障的人权本质上都是一种以受刑事追究人为中心的个体人权人权保护的内容也是以自由权利为核心的公民基本权利 考察欧美宪法的历史保障公民在刑事司法活动中享有的各种权利是近代宪法的一个突出特点刑事司法权利首先诞生于宪法之中而后5 才由刑事诉讼法加以规定因此刑事司法权利首先是一项宪法权利刑
4、事司法权利的享有主体是受刑事追究人刑事司法权利首先是受刑事追究人享有的宪法权利只当一个公民受到刑事司法权力的追究而成为犯罪嫌疑人或刑事被告人时即享有宪法所规定的刑事司法权利刑事司法权利不同于刑事诉讼权利具体差异表现在权利位阶渊源效力享有主体和权利内容五个方面 在采纳对司法的设定性定义的基础上刑事司法权力可以分解为侦查权公诉权审判权和监管权通过考察自然法准则和社会契约理论法权理论和大陆法系国家刑事诉讼结构的发展历史三个方面得出刑事司法权利体系与刑事司法权力体系存在对抗性的结论刑事司法权利与刑事司法权力的对抗表现为由无罪推定权利平等和司法救济罪行法定等权利构建的刑事司法权利体系其直接指向就是限制和
5、对抗以刑事侦查权刑事公诉权刑事审判权和监管权等为内容的刑事司法权力体系刑事司法权利概念的提出具有学术和现实两个方面的价值和意义 关键词刑事司法权利刑事司法权力宪法权利人权保障 6 RIGHTS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: AN ANALYSIS ON THE NATURE AND SYSTEM ABSTRACT In China, rights in criminal justice is first put forward and brought into use by Professor Zhou Wei. The dissertation has hereby made a
6、n initial analysis and explanation on the concept of the right. Rights in criminal justice, which is confirmed by the Constitution and criminal laws, entitles the criminal defendant to demand the judicial authorities to do or not to do certain action in the criminal procedure. Relevant ideology orig
7、inates from the concepts and protection modes of Human Right under both the common law system and the civil law system. In tradition, the two systems had different human right concepts and protection modes which then reflected to their criminal procedures accordingly. Such discrepancies resulted in
8、various emphases of the protection on criminal defendants under the two systems. However, as we look back to the development and trend of the history, the demand of human right protection had a consistent reflection in the constitutions and other laws under the two 7 systems, which emphasizes the pr
9、otection of individual rights. The nature of the human right protected by criminal litigation is one kind of individual right that mainly relates to the defendant in the criminal procedure. Moreover, the content of such protection is one basic citizenship with liberty as its core. Reviewing the hist
10、ory of the development of the constitutions in common law countries, we can find that protecting the citizenship in all kinds of criminal judicial activities is a trait in modern constitutions. Rights in criminal justice first appeared in the constitutions and then in criminal laws and criminal proc
11、edure laws. So such right should be first taken as a constitutional right. The defendants, who own constitutional right, own rights in criminal justice. The right will especially react whenever a citizen (foreigners as well) is sued by criminal judiciary, which means the citizen becomes a criminal o
12、ffender or defendant in the criminal procedure. In particular, the right in criminal justice differs from the criminal procedure rights. The discrepancies mainly lie in five aspects which are the level of the right, origination, force, obligee and contents. Based on the enactive definition of justic
13、e, the right in criminal justice can be further divided into the rights of investigation, prosecution, judgment and supervision. Pursuant to the rules of the natural law, the theory of social contract and legal right, there is contradiction between the system of right in 8 criminal justice and the s
14、ystem of criminal procedural right. Such conclusion can also be drawn by reviewing the development of the structures of national criminal procedure laws in civil law countries. The system of the right in criminal justice which compose of The assumption of impeccability, equality of right, judicial r
15、elief and crime judgment have reflected such contradiction in detail. They directly point to limiting and opposing to the system of power in criminal justice which compose of criminal investigation, litigation, judgment and supervision. KEY WORDS: rights in criminal justice, powers in criminal justi
16、ce, the protection of human rights, constitutional rights 11 第一章 引论 人类社会的发展史是逐步由愚昧野蛮走向文明民主的历史刑事司法制度总的发展趋势也是如此从奴隶社会以野蛮残酷著称的刑事司法制度到封建社会实行的纠问式诉讼模式从封建社会司法与行政不分控诉与审判不分国家权力缺乏必要的制约导致独断专行到近代欧洲启蒙运动的兴起和资产阶级革命爆发后公诉权独立兼顾公正效率的刑事司法制度建立回顾这段历史我们可以清楚地看到刑事司法活动中的人权保障是历史的潮流和趋势同时刑事司法制度中的人权保障状况是一个社会或一个国家司法文明程度的重要标志任何一个国家在实现控制犯罪这一诉讼目的时国家权力的运用都很容易给公民的权益造成不当侵害因此很多学者都不断呼吁建言在国家权力与公民权利的关系上要求国家对公民权利的任何剥夺均应具备正当的法律根据和法律程序对国家权力进行必要的规范限制和制约同时赋予受刑事追究人更广泛的权利使其具有与国家追诉机构相抗衡的能力和机会以有效抵御国家权力的非法侵犯并在权利受到侵犯时能够
