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1、上海交通大学士学位论文人才市场管理的制度分析姓名：眭筱菊申请学位级别：士专业：公共管理指导教师：胡近20060610人才市场管理的制度分析 摘 要 人才资源的开发和配置已成为目前经济和社会发展的战略重点，而人才市场的发展则是实现人才资源从低效配置向高效配置，充分实现其价值的关键一环。我国人才市场经过 20 多年的建设和发展，已成为最活跃的要素市场之一，对我国经济的发展起到了巨大的作用。但人才市场同其他市场一样也具有自发性、滞后性、功利性等弱点，在各市场主体自身目标的作用下，难免出现各种负效应。 政府作为社会公共利益的代表，有义务有责任对人才市场进行干预和管理，以提高人才资源的市场配置效率，而进
2、行管理的最有效手段就是提供法律和秩序，制定一系列完备的制度并适时进行制度变迁。制度是约束行为主体利益行为的规则网络。有效的制度安排能大大减少交易中的不确定性，降低交易成本，且能较好地解决激励和约束两大市场经济基本问题，提高要素使用的效率。当现有制度安排和制度结构的净收益小于另一种可供选择的制度安排和制度结构时，就会发生制度变迁。具有重要意义的制度变迁就是制度创新。政府是制度创新最为关键的主体之一。 纵观我国人才市场的发展，其过程是一个人力资源配置制度的变迁过程，且政府在制度变迁过程中始终起主导和推动作用。我国正处于经济转轨时期，政府对制度变迁的考虑、设计和推行，主要受两方面的影响：一是国外制度
3、的引进。人才市场有共同的客观规律，所以发达国家成熟的人才市场管理理论和经验提供了中国政府进行制度创新的知识存量，有利于以引进方式推行强制性制度变迁。二是民间自发行为的推动。在转轨时期，大量具有独立利益动机的市场主体已经形成，为获取潜在利润有可能在政府推行强制性制度变迁之前就产生性质类似的制度安排，这也是政府推行强制性制度变迁、弥补制度供给不足的重要动因。 目前我国人才市场管理还存在着诸多制度问题，这些制度性障碍形成了人才流动的壁垒，加大了人才交易的成本与风险，从而阻碍了人才市场的发展，因此要实现人才市场的有效管理，关键在于制度创新。只有加强管理制度创新，建立起与市场化、法治化、国际化相适应的人
4、才市场管理制度，在更多方面与国际通行规则接轨，并建立起真正有效的实施机制，进一步理顺管理体制，提高违约成本，保障制度的权威性和严肃性，才能推动人才市场与其它生产要素市场相贯通，实现人才资本的有效配置，这对于我国迅速实现经济转型，推动人才强国战略的实施具有重要的意义。 关键词：人才市场，管理，制度变迁，制度创新 THE INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS ABOUT ADMINISTRATION OF TALENT MARKET ABSTRACT At present the exploiture and distribution of talents resource have be
5、en the strategical emphasis ,and the development of talent market is a critical chain of coming out the distribution from less efficent to more efficient and of coming the value true fully. The talent market has been one of the most active factor market by construction and development for over 20 ye
6、ars,which has played a big role in our economical development,but the talent market also has some defects ,for example: spontaneity 、 hysteresis quality 、 utilitarian etc.,evitably,which shows its impositive aspects under each of market entities goals oneself. The government on behalf of the social
7、public profit must take the responsibilities and liabilities to intervene and govern the talent market in order of improving the efficiency of the market distribution of the talent market.The most efficient way for the administration is to provide the law and order and to draw a series of perfect in
8、stitution and make the institution transfer timingly.The institution is a kind of rules net for restricting the action of the acting entities profit,and the effective institutional arrangement can decrease the indefiniteness and the transanction cost, can settle down the problem of encourage and res
9、triction ,which are the two basical problems in the market economy,and can enhance the efficiency of making use of factors.The institutional transferring can take place on the condition that the net income of the institutional arrangement and the institutional structure exisistently is less than the
10、 other alternative institutional arrangment and institutional structure.That the institutional transferring with the important meaning,is the institutional innovation.The government is one of the most crucial entities. In view of the development of the talent market in our country,its course is a tr
11、ansferring one that the talent resource allots the institutions,and the government always plays a leading and promoting role.in the switcher period , considering 、 design and pushing of the government to the institution,is inflenced by the two aspects:The one is the introduction of the overseas inst
12、itution.The talent market has the common objective laws.The administrative theories and experience of the mature talent market in the developed countries provides the knowledge stock that the Chinese government makes the institutional invention,which is in favor of pushing up the compulsory institut
13、ional transferring by ways of the introduction. The other is drived by the spontaneous action in civilian. In the switcher period ,the market entities ,which has the unattached motive of profit,have shaped,before the government pushs up the compulsory institutional transferring ,there be the similia
14、r institutional arrangement to be produced for obtaining the potential profit.,which also is an important cause that the government pushs up the compulsory institutional transferring and compensates up for the shortage of the institutional supply. At present, there are many institutional problems in
15、 the administration in our talent market,these institutional obstacles have turned into the barriers of the talents flow,which have increased the costs and risks of the talents transaction,furthermore,which hinds its development,so for carrying out the effective administration of the talent market,t
16、he most crucial is the institutional invention,only by strengthening the administrative institutional innovation,and establishing the matching administrative institution of the talent market with general adoption of the market principle ,legal system and internationalization., linking up with the international gerneral rules in many ways,and setting up the effective practicing systems,making the administrative systems clear further,and increasing the cost of going against the faith ,
