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1、课程：阅读理论与技巧 How English Reading is affected by Cultural KnowledgeIntroduction:This paper will explore the affection of cultural knowledge to the English reading from the perspective of cross-cultural communication, trying to generalize the different type s of affection Chinese students meet in Englis
2、h reading, and then analyzes the causes and bring forth approaches and methods for reducing and clearing the affections.Key words: English reading; cultural affection; Cultural knowledge is one of the main affections in English reading for Chinese students. Cultural background knowledge plays a part
3、 in reading which draws more and more attention these years (Sun Zhangjing, 2008: o6; Xu Xuefen, 2004; Duanmu Yiwan, 1999: 03). So the research on the affection of cultural knowledge has important meaning on improving the reading ability and reading level, as well as on the general development of re
4、ading teaching.1. what is the cultural knowledge affection There are a dozen of definitions of cultural people have given. According to the need of foreign language teaching, Hu Wenzhong (1993:193) divided culture into two types: cultural knowledge information and cross-cultural communication. He fi
5、gured out that cultural knowledge information is cultural factor which will not affect the Information transfer between two different people in different cultural background knowledge; cross-cultural knowledge is the factor which affects directly the language information transfer and non-language in
6、formation transfer (misunderstanding and deviation). He also hold that cross-cultural communication plays more important part than cultural knowledge information in language teaching. In this paper, culture refers to three levels culture: higher level culture, including philosophy, art, religion; Ma
7、ss culture, such as customs, ceremony, basic necessities of life and relationship; Deep culture, including value of beauty and ugliness, time sense, circadian rhythm, the way of solving problem, gender, stratum, occupation and kinship.2. The cultural knowledge affection and languageIn order to ident
8、ify and overcome the negative affection of cultural knowledge in English reading, it is necessary to category them. The category should be based on culture. Higher culture, mass culture and deep culture are both cultural knowledge information an cross-cultural knowledge, because they have effect on
9、English reading.Higher culture affection refers to the materials about philosophy, art, and religion and so on, when people read these kind of materials, they find that there is no similar or close thing in own culture, leading to misunderstanding and deviation. In daily association and oral communi
10、cation, higher culture has no obvious effect, but in reading, readers often come across this kind of problem.Mass culture affection is that when readers read the materials about customs, relationship, and ways of solving problem and so on, they will misunderstand the mass culture own or its way of o
11、ccurring. This kind of affection appears in literature, advertisement, magazine, film intermediary, public readings and teaching materials about social culture.Deep cultural often leads the understanding difficulty and error, such as what is beauty and justice in English country, while what is ugly
12、and evil. Philosopher Thomas Hobbes had his representative viewpoint that beauty is what useful, beneficial and can let people happy. Under this direction, people in English country think that no matter what, no matter the thing is important or not, if they do, and they succeed, then its success. Wh
13、ile for most Chinese people, officials and have success at learning are success. when it comes to the judge on value, English country people treat the puncturalit as important part of personal quality; they have specific time arrangement on meeting and date; they arrange and make time plans before v
14、isit, they stress efficiency. While in China, late for meeting or date are common, they visit friends and relatives generally whenever they want and need. In English country, generally speaking, people use two ways to solve problem: peace talks and law. They spurn the way of quarrel and fight. Howev
15、er, in Chinese traditional culture, people solve problem through taking a roundabout way and finding relation.In English country, female have many rights and freedom, for example, be respected and be cared about in job. Lady first when have a seat, female have many choices when they find job and no
16、discrimination, such as white collar, blue collar, civil service, military officer, governor of a state, secretary of State, even the prime minister and queen. Communal facilities have special design for female, footstep armrest on the naval vessel, accommodation. But after marriage, female follow husbands family name. In China, compared with male, female have less rights, freedom, and value approval, female suffer the discrimination when they find jobs, but they use their owns fa
