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1、Biology 2021: Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Guide 4. Human Cardiovascular Physiology- Auscultating Heart Sounds; Heart Sounds (Biopac Lesson 17); and Blood Pressure (Biopac Lesson 16) Objectives: 1. To define systole, diastole, cardiac cycle, pulse, pulse deficit, blood pressure, and Korotkoff so
2、unds. 2. To indicate the normal length of the cardiac cycle, the relative pressure changes occurring within the atria and ventricles during the cardiac cycle, and the timing of valve closure. 3. To use the stethoscope to auscultate the heart sounds and to relate heart sounds to cardiac cycle events.
3、 4. To describe the clinical significance of heart sounds and murmurs. 5. To demonstrate the thoracic locations where the first and second heart sounds are most accurately auscultated. 6. To determine a subjects blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and relate it to events of the cardiac cycle. 7.
4、To use Biopac to record ECG, heart sounds, and blood pressure 8. To relate measures of hemodynamics to circulatory system health and fitness Exercise 33A: Human Cardiovascular Physiology-Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations Activity 1: Auscultating Heart Sounds, pp. 333-346 The term heart sounds
5、refers to the sounds made by the closing of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves of the heart, lub and dup, respectively. Refer to figure 33A.1a, p. 334, in your lab manual (or figure 18.20, p. 697, in the text) to see the points in the cardiac cycle when the heart sounds occur. Abnor
6、mal heart sounds are called murmurs and often indicate problems with a heart valve. Your lab instructor will demonstrate the procedure for auscultating heart sounds. Then, find an agreeable male subject in the lab to allow you to auscultate his heart. Female lab partners may wish to auscultate each
7、others heart sounds in the privacy of the womens lavatory in the atrium portion of the building. Estimate the time intervals between the first and second heart sounds and the second and first. Relocate the stethoscope to the various locations on the thorax illustrated in Figure 33A.2, p. 336, to aus
8、cultate the individual valves. Biopac Lesson 17: Heart Sounds Open the Biopac program and select L017-HS-1. The procedure is very similar to the ECG lab except a stethoscope will be recording heart sounds at the same time as the ECG is being recorded. The stethoscope monitors the vibrations (sounds)
9、 caused by the closing of the AV and SL valves during the cardiac cycle. You will collect data for each of the four valves by placing the stethoscope on four different thoracic locations. These are the steps you will take: 1. Setup Attach the ECG electrodes as illustrated in the posters at the compu
10、ter stations. The transducers are already plugged in and ready to go. Click on the Biopac icon on the computer desktop to start Biopac. A menu of Lessons will appear. Select Lesson 17: Heart Sounds (L017-HS-1). Type in your (folder) name. If you have a folder on this computer station, a window shoul
11、d appear with the message “A folder with this name already exists. Would you like to use it or create a new folder?“ Choose Use it. 2. Calibration Click on Calibrate to test the transducers. Read the prompt and click on OK. One person in the group should lightly tap the stethoscope diaphragm twice.
12、When the calibration is completed you should see two “sound recordings“ in Channel 3 and a typical ECG recorded on channel 4. If the calibration looks good, then proceed to Step 3 (Record). If the calibration looks wrong, click Redo. 3. Record data In this procedure one person in the lab group will
13、assist the subject in placing the stethoscope in the four different locations illustrated on the posters in lab corresponding to the Aortic (A), Pulmonary (P), Tricuspid (T), and Mitral (M) valves and then listen to the heart sounds and describe them to a second assistant. The second assistant will
14、type the first assistants description of the heart sounds into the pop up box which will appear by clicking on the Note Sounds button at the upper left of the screen. Click Record to collect heart sounds data for the four positions. If the recording is not good click on Redo to repeat it. When you h
15、ave successfully collected the heart sounds data for each valve, click Done to proceed to data analysis. A dialogue box will appear and ask if you are sure you have completed the data recording. Choose Yes. At this point a menu box will appear and ask “What would you like to do now?“ You may proceed
16、 to analyze the data you just collected by choosing “Analyze Current Data File“ or if you want to collect the data for all the members in your group first, you can choose “Record from Another Subject“ and repeat #3. 4. Data Analysis If you did not proceed directly to “Analyze Current Data File“ from step 3 you will start Biopac and select Review Saved Data from the Lessons menu. Open your folder in the “D
